我院近15年内收治小儿结核性胸膜炎78例,其中男49例,女29例。年龄<8岁12例,～5岁16例,～7岁18例,>7岁32例。入院前多已接受不正规治疗。临床表现:发热72例(低热17例),咳嗽58例,胸痛35例,呼吸急促20例,乏力18例,腹痛7例。呼吸音减低或消失58例,呼吸明显受限和气管移位各6例。血沉检查48例,仅4例正常。胸水培养29例和涂片检查26例,无1例找到结核杆菌。超声波检查58例,均在病侧发现液平或液性 78 cases of tuberculous pleurisy were admitted to our hospital in recent 15 years, including 49 males and 29 females. 12 cases were aged <8 years, 16 cases were aged 5 years, 18 cases were aged 7 years and 32 cases were> 7 years old. Pre-admission more than have received irregular treatment. Clinical manifestations: fever in 72 cases (17 cases of fever), 58 cases of cough, chest pain in 35 cases, shortness of breath in 20 cases, 18 cases of fatigue, abdominal pain in 7 cases. 58 cases of reduced or disappeared respiratory sounds, limited breathing and tracheal displacement in 6 cases. Echocardiography in 48 cases, only 4 cases of normal. 29 cases of pleural effusion and smear examination in 26 cases, no case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis found. 58 cases of ultrasound, were found in the diseased or liquid level