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采用ＰＣＲＤＮＡ序列分析方法，对来自河南林州市３６例贲门癌组织进行肿瘤抑制基因Ｐ５３第４到９外显子突变分析。结果：３６例贲门癌组织中３例发生Ｐ５３基因突变（８％，３／３６）；突变分别发生在第５，６和８外显子上。对３例已知有Ｐ５３基因突变的癌组织大体标本，分别在４个不同部位（１２点、６点、９点和３点钟处）进行取材，进一步进行Ｐ５３突变结果分析，发现３例中第１例４个位点均发生Ｐ５３基因突变，且突变部位相同，第２例只有３个位点出现一致性改变，第３例仅在一个位点发现Ｐ５３基因突变，而其他３个部位未检测出Ｐ５３基因突变。提示：尽管这一地区食管癌和贲门癌发病率均较高，但两者发病的分子学基础及机理可能存在不同的途径。同一肿瘤不同部位Ｐ５３基因突变情况不一致，贲门癌变可能还有其它癌基因或肿瘤抑制基因参与。
PCR-DNA sequence analysis was used to analyze mutations of exons 4 to 9 of tumor suppressor gene P53 in 36 cases of cardiac cancer tissues from Linzhou, Henan. Results: P53 gene mutations occurred in 3 of 36 cases of cardiac cancer (8%, 3/36); mutations occurred in exons 5, 6 and 8 respectively. Three specimens of cancerous tissues with a known mutation in P53 gene were obtained from four different sites (12, 6, 9 and 3 o’clock). The results of P53 mutation analysis were further analyzed and found in 3 cases. In the first case, P53 gene mutations occurred in all 4 sites, and the mutation sites were the same. In the second case, only 3 sites showed a consistent change. In the third case, only one site was found to have a mutation in the P53 gene, while the other three sites were not. P53 mutations were detected. Tip: Although the incidence of esophageal cancer and cardia cancer is high in this area, the molecular basis and mechanism of the two may have different pathways. The mutation of P53 gene in different parts of the same tumor is inconsistent. There may be other cancer genes or tumor suppressor genes involved in cardia canceration.