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根据1976年1月1日公布的平衡表,苏联的煤炭资源储量为4,213亿吨,其分布极不均衡,几乎80％在乌拉尔以东地区,而工业和人口的80％却集中在西部地区。六十年代以来,苏联加紧了东部煤田的开发,东部煤炭产量上升到占全国总产量的50％,致使东煤西运变成一个突出的问题。东部地区已开发的煤田主要有西西伯利亚的库兹巴斯,东西伯利亚的坎斯克-阿钦斯克、哈萨克斯坦的卡拉干达和埃基巴斯图兹以及远东的南雅库特。
According to the balance sheet released on January 1, 1976, the Soviet Union has 421.3 billion tons of coal reserves, which is unevenly distributed. Almost 80% of the coal reserves are to the east of the Urals, while 80% of the industrial and population are concentrated in the western region. Since the 1960s, the Soviet Union stepped up the development of eastern coalfields. The output of coal in the eastern region has risen to 50% of the total output of the country, causing the western coal transportation to become a prominent problem. The coalfields developed in the east are Kuznets in West Siberia, Kansk-Aqinsk in East Siberia, Karaganda and Ekibastut in Kazakhstan, and South Yakutia in the Far East.