Background The hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome includes S, C, P and X regions. The S region is divided into four subregions of pre-pre-S, pre-S1, pre-S2 and S. PS1TP5 (human gene 5 transactivated by pre-S1 protein of HBV) is a novel target gene transactivated by the pre-S1 protein that has been screened with a suppression subtractive hybridization technique in our laboratory (GenBank accession: AY427953). In order to investigate the biological function of the PS1TP5 protein, we performed a yeast two-hybrid system 3 to screen proteins from a human leukocyte cDNA library interacting with the PS 1TP5 protein.Methods The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to amplify the gene of PS1TP5 from the mRNA of HepG2 cells and the gene was then cloned into the pGEM-T vector. After being sequenced and analyzed with Vector NTI 9.1 and NCBI BLAST software, the target gene of PS1TP5 was cut from the pGEM-T vector and cloned into a yeast expression plasmid pGBKT7, then bait plasmid pGBKT7-PS 1TP5 was transformed into the yeast strain AH109. The yeast protein was isolated and analyzed with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and West blotting hybridization.After expression of the pGBKT7-PS1TP5 fusion protein in the AH109 yeast strain was accomplished, a yeast two-hybrid screening was performed by mating AH 109 with Y 187 containing a leukocyte cDNA library plasmid.The mated yeast was plated on quadruple dropout medium and assayed for α-gal activity. The interaction between the PS1TP5 protein and the proteins obtained from positive colonies was further confirmed by repeating the yeast two-hybrid screen. After extracting and sequencing of plasmids from blue colonies we carried out a bioinformatic analysis.Results Forty true positive colonies were selected and sequenced, full length sequences were obtained and we searched for homologous DNA sequences from GenBank. Among the 40 positive colonies, 23 coding genes with known functions were obtained, including Homo sapien leukocyte adhesion protein p150, 95, interleukin 2receptor gamma chain, PALM2-AKAP2 protein (PALM2-AKAP2), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A,beta-2-microglobin, solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), calreticulin, asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1), MHC class Ⅱ lymphocyte antigen, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, lymphocyte antigen 86(LY86) and lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1. One novel gene with unknown function was found and named as PS1TP5BP1. After being electronically spliced, it was deposited in GenBank (accession number: DQ471327).Conclusions Genes of proteins interacting with PS1TP5 were successfully screened from leukocyte cDNA library. These results suggested that PS1TP5 was closely correlated with immunoregulation,carbohydrate metabolism, signal transduction, the formation of hepatic fibrosis and initiation and development of tumors and also brought some new clues for further studying the biological functions of the pre-S 1 protein.