前人对清代商人已有大量的研究，特别是对中国十大商帮的探讨，具有相当的广度和深度。但从这些研究成果中不难发现，多数的研究都侧重于区域商人、商帮，而区域商人、商帮都不能代表所有的清代商人。一般来说，凡是从事经营活动的人都属于商人的范畴，大量的散商、小贩也都应 The predecessors had a lot of research on businessmen in the Qing Dynasty, especially on the discussion of the top ten business partners in China, and they have considerable breadth and depth. However, it is not difficult to find from these research results that most of the studies are focused on regional businessmen and business associates, while regional businessmen and merchants are not able to represent all Qing businessmen. In general, all those who engage in business activities belong to the category of merchants, and a large number of bulk merchants and hawkers should also