本文就遗传标记技术的概况、理想分子标记标准、DNA标记技术发展现状 ,分子生态学的发展 ,分子标记技术在根瘤菌生态研究中的应用现状和前景作了简要概述。目前在根瘤菌生态的研究中有两大问题尚待解决 :根瘤菌基因组与共生植物基因组之间相互作用机制以及高效重组根瘤菌的环境释放与生物安全问题 ,这就需要新的技术和理论 ,而分子生物学的发展以及分子生态学的诞生正好提供了理论和技术基础 In this paper, the general situation of genetic marker technology, the ideal molecular marker standard, the development status of DNA marker technology, the development of molecular ecology and the application status and prospect of molecular marker technology in rhizobia ecological research are briefly summarized. At present, there are two major problems in the study of Rhizobium ecology: the mechanism of interaction between Rhizobia genome and symbiotic plant genome and the environmental release and biosafety of highly efficient rhizobia, which require new technologies and theories, The development of molecular biology and the birth of molecular ecology just provide the theoretical and technical basis