Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of TGF-β1 on intestinal mucosa against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury,so as to provide new methods of clinical prevention from and dealing with intestine I/R injury and gut-derived multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS).Methods 30 SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10 each),A:namely sham-operation group (group A):superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was only isolated but not blocked; B:control group (group B),ischemia for 60 minutes,then reperfusion for 120 minutes,and administered with normal saline solution (NS) 0.5ml through SMA 10 minutes before SMA blockage; C:experimental group (group C):animals underwent the same procedure with group B except for taking TGF-β1 instead of NS. The contents of intestinal mucosa Chiu’s score,bacteria translocation,intestinal mucosa cellular apoptosis index,expression of bax mRNA and bcl-2 mRNA and protein were measured.Results Compared with group A,the results from group B are as follows,the Chiu’s score significantly increased,bacteria translocation increased,intestinal mucosa cellular apoptosis rate significantly increased,level of bax mRNA and Bax protein significantly increased,while level of intestinal mucosal bcl-2 mRNA and Bcl-2 protein significantly decreased. All the changes in group B were reversed significantly in group C.Conclusion TGF-β1 exerts a protective effect on the gut barrier against intestine I/R injury,perhaps via reversing injury-induced downregulation in bcl-2 transcription and upregulation in bax transcription,with the result in modulating bcl-2 and bax protein expression and downregulation of the susceptibility to apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of TGF-β1 on surgery mucosa ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, so as to provide new methods of clinical prevention from and dealing with intestine I/R injury and gut-derived multiple organ METHODS: 30 SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10 each), A:namely sham-operation group (group A): superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was only isolated but not blocked; B: Control group (group B),ischemia for 60 minutes, then reperfusion for 120 minutes, and administered with normal saline solution (NS) 0.5ml through SMA 10 minutes before SMA blockage; C:experimental group (group C):animals underwent the same Procedure with group B except for taking TGF-β1 instead of NS. The contents of intestinal mucosa Chiu’s score,bacteria translocation,intestinal mucosa cellular apoptosis index,expression of bax mRNA and bcl-2 mRNA and protein were measured.Results Compared with group A , the results from group B As as follows, the Chiu’s score significantly increased, bacterial translocation increased, intestinal mucosa cellular rate significantly increased, level of bax mRNA and Bax protein significantly increased, while level of intestinal mucosal bcl-2 mRNA and Bcl-2 protein significantly decreased. All The changes in group B were reversed significantly in group C.Conclusion TGF-β1 exerts a protective effect on the gut barrier against intestine I/R injury, perhaps via reversing injury-induced downregulation in bcl-2 transcription and upregulation in bax transcription, with The result in modulating bcl-2 and bax protein expression and downregulation of the susceptibility to apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells.