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为了开发洁净的再生能源,海上风力发电已成为欧洲各国积极研究的重点。一个足以承受长期波浪及风力的基础设施是让风力发电设施在使用年限内正常运转的必要条件。目前欧洲海上风力发电设计案例中,大口径的钢管桩是一种最常被运用的海上风力发电机基础型式。然而,目前工程界普遍使用的p–y曲线分析法并不适用于评估此种大口径单桩受长期侧向力的行为。特别针对砂性土壤,提出了应用室内三轴循环试验的结果评估单桩在单向循环侧向力下的变形方法。应用室内循环三轴试验所得的塑性应变增加量推求土壤的割线衰减刚度,再导入三维有限元素数值模型的方法,可以得到桩身在循环侧向力下的位移。此种方法非常适用于海上风力发电机单桩基础在均匀及层状土壤中侧向行为的初步工程设计。
In order to develop clean renewable energy, offshore wind power generation has become the focus of active research in all European countries. An infrastructure that can withstand long-term waves and wind is a necessary condition for a wind farm to operate properly over its useful life. At present, the offshore wind power design case in Europe, the large-diameter steel pipe pile is one of the most commonly used offshore wind turbine foundation types. However, the p-y curve analysis commonly used in engineering today is not suitable for assessing long-term lateral forces of such large-diameter monopiles. Especially for sandy soil, a method of evaluating the deformation of single pile under unidirectional cyclic lateral force is proposed based on the results of indoor three-axis cycle test. The displacement of the pile body under cyclic lateral force can be obtained by deducing the plastic deformation increment of soil cyclic triaxial test and deducing the attenuation stiffness of the soil. Then, the 3D finite element numerical model is introduced. This method is well suited to the preliminary engineering design of the lateral behavior of a monopile foundation for offshore wind turbines in homogeneous and layered soils.