本文探讨了 1 9世纪中后期 ,西北地区回民起义前后的人口变迁轨迹及其影响。这段历史印证了人口再生产必须与物质资料再生产相互适应 ,人类社会才能协调发展的马克思主义人口学的基本原理。从这一理论高度探讨近代西北的人口问题 ,有助于理解近代中国人口问题的全貌 ,有助于对现代人口问题的深入思考。 This article explores the trajectory and impact of population changes in the mid and late 19th century and before and after the Hui uprising in northwestern China. This history confirms the basic principle of Marxist demography that population reproduction must adapt to the reproduction of material information and that human society can develop in a coordinated manner. From this theory, we can explore the population problem in modern Northwest China in a highly theoretical way, which can help to understand the whole picture of the population problem in modern China and help us to think deeply about the current population problem.