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为民用和国防的需要,预定的空间飞行计划对多次使用运载器的结构材料工艺方面需要进行重大的改进;与航天飞机轨道器相比,降低结构重量多达25％或更多一点;飞行寿命可能要提高五倍或更长;外部表面的最高使用温度要进一步提高;保留低温液氢、液氧以便多次使用;大大缩减费用开支;并且尽可能地缩短从技术预备到初始工作的时间。除此以外,人们增加了采用高超音速吸气喷气推进系统的兴趣,而这种系统要求采用再生冷却式结构。这些技术问题的提出对结构和材料工艺界是一个挑战,特别是15年来许多工业公司和国防部机构没有研究这些问题,并且国家航宇局基地的研究试验计划得到的支持不够。本文讨论了工艺问题,简要地评述了目前的技术水平,以及要达到技术要求所需要进行的努力。
For civil and defense needs, the planned space flight program requires major improvements in the technical aspects of the structural materials used for multiple use of the carrier; as much as 25% or more of the structural weight reduction compared with the space shuttle orbiter; Life expectancy may be increased fivefold or longer; the maximum temperature of the external surface to be further improved; keep low temperature liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen for multiple use; greatly reduce costs and expenses; and as much as possible from the technical preparation to initial work time . In addition, there has been an increased interest in using hypersonic aspirated jet propulsion systems that require regeneratively cooled structures. These technical issues have posed a challenge to the structure and materials industry. In particular, many industrial companies and DoD agencies have not studied these issues for more than 15 years and the National Space Agency’s pilot research program has not received sufficient support. This article discusses the craft issues, briefly reviews the current state of the art, and the efforts required to meet the technical requirements.