我国煤炭消费构成中,用于民用的比重约占总消费量的18%左右,比工业发达国家高得多,美国占1%;英国占9.5%。这些国家民用主要用煤气、石油液化气、天然气、电力等。我国民用煤一般都是以旧式火炉直接燃烧。由于燃烧设备结构不合理,热效率只有10%左右,浪费比较突出,而且污染了环境。近年来, In China’s coal consumption composition, the proportion for civilian use accounts for about 18% of total consumption, which is much higher than that of industrial developed countries, with the United States accounting for 1%; the United Kingdom accounts for 9.5%. These countries mainly use gas, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, and electricity. China’s civil coal is usually burned directly with old stoves. Due to the irrational structure of the combustion equipment, the thermal efficiency is only about 10%, waste is more prominent, and the environment is polluted. In recent years,