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目的：探讨 NLRP3炎性小体在嗜酸粒细胞性鼻息肉（ENP）发病及复发中的可能作用及机制。方法根据HE 染色，选取80例 ENP（ENP 组）、24例嗜酸粒细胞性复发鼻息肉（RENP）患者（RENP 组）的鼻息肉组织及同期30例鼻中隔偏曲患者（对照组）的中鼻甲黏膜。所有患者嗜酸粒细胞（EOS）浸润数通过 HE 染色观察并计算，采用免疫组化法检测3组 NLR 含热蛋白结构域3（NLRP3）炎性小体、白细胞介素-1beta （IL-1β）、IL-18的表达情况，并分析 ENP、RENP 组中 NLRP3炎性小体与 EOS 浸润数的相关性。结果IL-1β和 IL-18在 ENP 及 RENP 组中的表达均高于对照组（P ＜0．05），但在 ENP 与 RENP 组中的表达无显著差异（P ＞0．05）。NLRP3炎性小体在RENP 组中的表达明显高于 ENP 组和对照组（P ＜0．01），且 EOS 浸润数明显多于 ENP 组（P ＜0．05）和对照组（P ＜0．01）。NLRP3炎性小体在 ENP 及 RENP 组中的表达均与 EOS 浸润数呈正相关。结论NLRP3炎性小体、IL-1β和 IL-18均与 ENP 发病密切相关，NLRP3炎性小体可能参与 ENP 的复发。“,”Objective To explore the possible effect and mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis and re-lapse of eosinophilic nasal polyps (ENP).Methods According to HE staining,the nasal polyp tissues from 80 cases of ENP (ENP group)and 24 cases of recurrent essinophilic nasal polyps (RENP,RENP group)as well as middle turbinate mucosa from 30 cases of deviated nasal septum (control group)were selected.The number of eosinophil (EOS)infiltra-tion in all patients was detected and observed by HE staining.The immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome,IL-1βand IL-18 in three groups,and the correlation between NLRP3 inflammasome and the number of EOS infiltration was analyzed in ENP and RENP groups.Results The expression of IL-1βand IL-18 in both ENP and RENP groups was higher than in control group (P 0.05).The expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in RENP group was higher significant-ly than in ENP group and control group (P <0.01),and the number of EOS infiltration more than ENP group (P <0.05)and control group (P <0.01).The expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in both ENP and RENP groups positively correlated with the number of EOS infiltration.Conclusion NLRP3 inflammasome,IL-1βand IL-18 were all associated with the pathogenesis of ENP closely,and NLRP3 inflammasome may involve in the relapse of ENP.