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It was reported that some Chinese words such as “guanxi”， “Maotai”， “dim sum” has been taken in The Oxford English Dictionary；the latest report is that the phrase “NO zuo no die”， “you can you up” were also taken in the Urban Dictionary in America. Earlier， those words have been taken in this dictionary， such as “geilivable”、“people mountain people sea”、“long time no see”. The Chinese people believe that more and more Chinese loanwords in English can fully prove that China’s international power has been increasing greatly in these years.
It could be seen that Chinese attitudes towards loanwords are totally different from that of English. In this paper， I will explore the differences of loanwords in Chinese and English， because loanwords are common phenomenon in any language， and in the future with the increasing communication between the two countries and the development of the modern communication technology and Internet， more and more loanwords will be used and have to be accepted， therefore， how to treat the loanwords appropriately becomes a problem.
PART ONE DEFINATION OF LOANWORDS
Halliday argued that loanwords are also called borrowed words. A borrowed word refers to a term that was borrowed from another language. It is fully incorporated into the new language， taking on the new language’s phonology and orthography so that it is interpreted by most speakers as a native language. Language borrowing is a common social phenomenon in the course of language development， and it is also one of the most important methods of acquiring new words and enlarging the vocabulary. English has an inevitable effect on Chinese vocabulary with the contact of the two countries become increasingly closer.
Loan words have the elements of “foreign lingual culture”， they more or less remain basic features of the source language. Loan words are the products of melting language. Language consists of three elements：phonetics， lexicon and grammar. Generally speaking， lexicon is the most open part in a language， also the most changeable part. So， in the process of language melting， mutual absorption of lexicons is often be used. The absence of new objects and concepts in a nation language entail borrowing from a foreign language by means of any forms so that they can be understood by the native speakers in the process of cultural communication. Lexicon of another language can be absorbed into the local language gradually.
Loan words are the component of native language’s lexicon. When a language absorbs a word from outside， sometimes the word will be set in the system of grammar， phonetics and lexicon， and modified by the local language’ pronunciation custom， grammar rules and lexicon features. Therefore， in terms of origin， borrowing words are foreign， but seen from their position within the native language system， they are also words of the native language. PART TWO CLASSIFICATION OF THE LOANWORDS
“Phonetic loanword” is a kind of English borrowed words by translating them according to their original meaning， and it is fully in accordance with the English pronunciation of word translating into Chinese vocabulary. Person’s name， geographic name， foodstuff and inventions from other languages are often translated into Chinese by phonetic loanwords （Hockett 83）. Such as coffee（咖啡）， soda（蘇打）， New York（纽约）， London（伦敦）， Plato（柏拉图）， Sandwich（三明治）， coca cola（可口可乐）， radar
（雷达） and so on. In the history of borrowing words from foreign languages， phonetic loanwords have been the primary means for a long period.
“Semantic borrowing” is well received， incorporating as they do the advantages of phonetic translation and semantic translation. They echo the sound of the original English word and an indication of its meaning， filling in the semantic blank left by pure translation. When the Chinese use this method to create new loan words in modern Chinese， they usually adopt two basic forms. One is phonetically transliterating the first part of an English word and then semantically translating the meaning of the second part.
Sound-meaning translation.This kind of borrowing imitates the English sound and conveys the semantic meaning simultaneously （Harris 145）. When the Internet came into being， there came the new word “hacker” in English. It means a programmer who breaks into computer system in order to steal or change or destroy information as a form of cyber-terrorism. The Chinese character “黑客” imitates the sound of “hacker” at the same time the word “黑”means a person who does something illegal in Chinese. Therefore， this loanword combines the sound of the English and the meaning of the Chinese.
Loanwords composed of both an English part and Chinese Part. For example， “啤酒” （beer） is composed of English word beer and Chinese word “酒”. People use “啤” just because its pronunciation is similar to English sound of beer. In Chinese， “酒” is a noun describing a kind of drink， so “啤酒” in Chinese is used to refer to beer in English.
PART THREE THE LOANWORDS IN ENLISH
3.1 The existence of numerous loanwords in English
In English， there are a large number of loanwords. “According to statistics， among the 500， 000 modern English words， 80 percent of them are loanwords；and in these loanwords， 40 percent are from French and 10 percent are from Latin”（Wei 69）. Depending on the degree of assimilation of the loanwords， they could be divided into three catalogues：totally assimilation， half assimilation and no assimilation. The first catalogue are those that fit into the English grammar and has lost their signs of loanwords， just like the word “government”；the second catalogue still maintain their phonetic or morphological features， like the word “routine”；and the third catalogue does not or make little changes.（Wei 70） 3.2 The Chinese Loanwords in English
According to the statistics of Gerland Canon in 1988， there are 1， 189 Chinese loanwords in English.（Wei 73） Most of these loanwords are transliteration， such as “kowtow”， “kung fu”， “litchi”， “mah-jongg”， “tai-chi”；in the article “China English in the past twenty years”， professor Du Ruiqing and Jiang Ya jun mentioned that although the dictionary published in China use “shadow boxing”， but the English dictionary prefers “tai ji” instead of the English definition “fighting with an imaginary opponent， esp， for training in boxing ”， besides， the English prefers “tae kwondo”instead of “Korean darate”.（40）
Therefore， in English， transliteration is the main forms of loanwords in English. Compared to the localization of the loanwords in English， the English keeps the original phonetic and semantic features.
CONCLUSION
Language is a tool of thinking， the basic carrier of culture， and it is also the most significant symbols of a society and a nation. A large number of new words in Chinese appeared because of the existing of word-formation materials and word formation basis. When absorbing and manufacturing the loan words， people can not go against the language development rules， violation of national language habits and traditions and deliberately new in order to be different. Only to follow the objective law of language development and master the correct method could it be helpful to the development of our national language.
It could be seen that Chinese attitudes towards loanwords are totally different from that of English. In this paper， I will explore the differences of loanwords in Chinese and English， because loanwords are common phenomenon in any language， and in the future with the increasing communication between the two countries and the development of the modern communication technology and Internet， more and more loanwords will be used and have to be accepted， therefore， how to treat the loanwords appropriately becomes a problem.
PART ONE DEFINATION OF LOANWORDS
Halliday argued that loanwords are also called borrowed words. A borrowed word refers to a term that was borrowed from another language. It is fully incorporated into the new language， taking on the new language’s phonology and orthography so that it is interpreted by most speakers as a native language. Language borrowing is a common social phenomenon in the course of language development， and it is also one of the most important methods of acquiring new words and enlarging the vocabulary. English has an inevitable effect on Chinese vocabulary with the contact of the two countries become increasingly closer.
Loan words have the elements of “foreign lingual culture”， they more or less remain basic features of the source language. Loan words are the products of melting language. Language consists of three elements：phonetics， lexicon and grammar. Generally speaking， lexicon is the most open part in a language， also the most changeable part. So， in the process of language melting， mutual absorption of lexicons is often be used. The absence of new objects and concepts in a nation language entail borrowing from a foreign language by means of any forms so that they can be understood by the native speakers in the process of cultural communication. Lexicon of another language can be absorbed into the local language gradually.
Loan words are the component of native language’s lexicon. When a language absorbs a word from outside， sometimes the word will be set in the system of grammar， phonetics and lexicon， and modified by the local language’ pronunciation custom， grammar rules and lexicon features. Therefore， in terms of origin， borrowing words are foreign， but seen from their position within the native language system， they are also words of the native language. PART TWO CLASSIFICATION OF THE LOANWORDS
“Phonetic loanword” is a kind of English borrowed words by translating them according to their original meaning， and it is fully in accordance with the English pronunciation of word translating into Chinese vocabulary. Person’s name， geographic name， foodstuff and inventions from other languages are often translated into Chinese by phonetic loanwords （Hockett 83）. Such as coffee（咖啡）， soda（蘇打）， New York（纽约）， London（伦敦）， Plato（柏拉图）， Sandwich（三明治）， coca cola（可口可乐）， radar
（雷达） and so on. In the history of borrowing words from foreign languages， phonetic loanwords have been the primary means for a long period.
“Semantic borrowing” is well received， incorporating as they do the advantages of phonetic translation and semantic translation. They echo the sound of the original English word and an indication of its meaning， filling in the semantic blank left by pure translation. When the Chinese use this method to create new loan words in modern Chinese， they usually adopt two basic forms. One is phonetically transliterating the first part of an English word and then semantically translating the meaning of the second part.
Sound-meaning translation.This kind of borrowing imitates the English sound and conveys the semantic meaning simultaneously （Harris 145）. When the Internet came into being， there came the new word “hacker” in English. It means a programmer who breaks into computer system in order to steal or change or destroy information as a form of cyber-terrorism. The Chinese character “黑客” imitates the sound of “hacker” at the same time the word “黑”means a person who does something illegal in Chinese. Therefore， this loanword combines the sound of the English and the meaning of the Chinese.
Loanwords composed of both an English part and Chinese Part. For example， “啤酒” （beer） is composed of English word beer and Chinese word “酒”. People use “啤” just because its pronunciation is similar to English sound of beer. In Chinese， “酒” is a noun describing a kind of drink， so “啤酒” in Chinese is used to refer to beer in English.
PART THREE THE LOANWORDS IN ENLISH
3.1 The existence of numerous loanwords in English
In English， there are a large number of loanwords. “According to statistics， among the 500， 000 modern English words， 80 percent of them are loanwords；and in these loanwords， 40 percent are from French and 10 percent are from Latin”（Wei 69）. Depending on the degree of assimilation of the loanwords， they could be divided into three catalogues：totally assimilation， half assimilation and no assimilation. The first catalogue are those that fit into the English grammar and has lost their signs of loanwords， just like the word “government”；the second catalogue still maintain their phonetic or morphological features， like the word “routine”；and the third catalogue does not or make little changes.（Wei 70） 3.2 The Chinese Loanwords in English
According to the statistics of Gerland Canon in 1988， there are 1， 189 Chinese loanwords in English.（Wei 73） Most of these loanwords are transliteration， such as “kowtow”， “kung fu”， “litchi”， “mah-jongg”， “tai-chi”；in the article “China English in the past twenty years”， professor Du Ruiqing and Jiang Ya jun mentioned that although the dictionary published in China use “shadow boxing”， but the English dictionary prefers “tai ji” instead of the English definition “fighting with an imaginary opponent， esp， for training in boxing ”， besides， the English prefers “tae kwondo”instead of “Korean darate”.（40）
Therefore， in English， transliteration is the main forms of loanwords in English. Compared to the localization of the loanwords in English， the English keeps the original phonetic and semantic features.
CONCLUSION
Language is a tool of thinking， the basic carrier of culture， and it is also the most significant symbols of a society and a nation. A large number of new words in Chinese appeared because of the existing of word-formation materials and word formation basis. When absorbing and manufacturing the loan words， people can not go against the language development rules， violation of national language habits and traditions and deliberately new in order to be different. Only to follow the objective law of language development and master the correct method could it be helpful to the development of our national language.