从方法论上说,除潮汐以外,通常在处理海洋动力学问题时,大多撇开海洋对大气的影响,强调大气对海洋的主导作用,把大气运动当作诱发海水运动的唯一原动力,视海面风场为给定条件,而后用经验或半经验公式算出海面风应力场,作为施加于海水的强迫力。因此,一个成功的海浪、海流或风暴潮的预报,除了具备反映海水运动的主要物理性能的数学模型外,还必须以客观的、准确的海面风场的数值计算和预报为前提。由于问题的复杂性,迄今为止似乎还不能说在实用上已经提供了海面风的一种足够精确的估算或预报方法。 海上气象观测资料,尤其是测风资料的稀少,给海面风应力的实际计算带来不少困难。目前,多数海洋工作者被迫借助经验公式利用某些比较容易获得的资料对海面风进行估算,例如利用地转风或梯度风加经验订正的办法,这又给海面风应力的计算增添了一重误 Methodologically, most of the ocean tides, except for tides, usually deal with the ocean dynamics, leaving aside the ocean’s influence on the atmosphere. They emphasize that the atmosphere plays a leading role in the oceans. Taking atmospheric motion as the only driving force for seawater movement, the sea surface wind field For given conditions, the sea surface wind stress field is then calculated using empirical or semi-empirical formulas as the forcing force applied to seawater. Therefore, in addition to having a mathematical model that reflects the main physical properties of seawater movement, a successful forecast of waves, currents or storm surges must be premised on objective and accurate numerical calculations and forecasts of the sea surface winds. Due to the complexity of the problem, it seems that so far it can not be said that a sufficiently accurate method of estimating or forecasting sea surface winds has been provided in practice. The meteorological observation data at sea, especially the rare wind data, bring many difficulties to the actual calculation of sea surface wind stress. At present, most marine workers are forced to use empirical formulas to make some estimates of sea surface wind using some relatively readily available information, such as the use of orbiting winds or gradient winds, which in turn add to the calculation of wind stress error