铁的冶炼和应用是人类文明史中继青铜出现之后的又一件大事，“青铜时代”之后就是“铁器时代”。铁的冶炼也是化学史中的一件大事，因为从矿石中冶炼铁和其它冶金一样，亦是一个化学过程，而且较冶铜所需温进更高，技术难度更大。本文探索内蒙古地区最早铁器的出现和铁的冶炼问题。考古资料表明，早在距今２２００年前的战国时期，内蒙古地区已有铁器出现，到西汉时，铁的应用已相当普遍，至迟在公元前１００年在右，当地已有冶铁工场，能制造铁工具、铁农具和武器，并能锻造低碳钢。 Iron smelting and application of human civilization is the history of bronze relaunching is another major event, “Bronze Age” is the “Iron Age.” Iron smelting is also a major event in the history of chemistry because smelting iron from ores, like other metallurgy, is also a chemical process and requires a higher temperature warmer than copper smelting and more technical difficulty. This article explores the earliest ironworks in Inner Mongolia and the smelting of iron. Archeological data show that as early as in the Warring States period of 2,200 years ago, there have been iron artifacts in Inner Mongolia, to the Western Han Dynasty, the application of iron has become quite common, as late as 100 BC in the right, there has been a metallurgical plant, Can make iron tools, iron tools and weapons, and forging low-carbon steel.