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麻疹疫苗的使用在预防与控制麻疹方面取得了巨大的成就,在世界大部分地区控制了麻疹的暴发和流行,疫苗高覆盖地区甚至实现了消除麻疹的目标。随着麻疹疫苗使用的推进,小龄儿童麻疹高发已成为广泛使用麻疹疫苗时代麻疹的流行病学特征之一。使用疫苗获得免疫保护的母亲所生婴儿获得的母传抗体水平只有56%,且维持到3~6个月就急剧下降,不足以保护儿童免患麻疹。由于人口流动、疫苗种类及经济落后等因素,导致存在免疫空白人群或者不能及时进行免疫接种,在当地无法形成有效的免疫屏障。在今后控制麻疹的过程中,应该综合考虑母传抗体水平低和常规免疫存在漏洞的因素,提出控制小龄儿童麻疹的针对性控制策略,最终达到消除麻疹的目标。
The measles vaccine use has made tremendous achievements in the prevention and control of measles and has controlled the outbreak and spread of measles in most parts of the world. The vaccine coverage has even achieved the goal of measles elimination. With the advent of measles vaccine, the high incidence of measles in young children has become one of the epidemiological features of measles in the era of widespread use of measles vaccine. Infants born to mothers immunized with the vaccine received only 56% of their maternal antibodies and maintained their sharp drop in the 3-6 month period, insufficient to protect children from measles. Due to such factors as population movements, types of vaccines and economic backwardness, there is a gap in the immunization population or the immunization can not be carried out promptly, and an effective immune barrier can not be formed locally. In the future control of measles, we should consider the factors such as the low level of mother-to-body antibody and the loopholes in routine immunization, and propose a targeted control strategy to control measles in young children, finally meeting the goal of eliminating measles.