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地壳中的构造现象和地震的发生均为地壳内部应力作用的结果。研究地壳内部的应力场应力场状态、应力场随时间和空间的分布变化规律,以及地震在什么样的应力状态下发生是解决地震预报问题的关键问题。而了解地壳表层应力的形成和分布规律,应力的大小和变化特征,对于解决地质工程问题具有很重要的意义。目前研究地球内部应力及应力场的方法主要有以下四大类。 (1) 实地直接测定钻孔中的应力状态。 (2) 利用地球物理观测获得的地震学、重力学及地热学资料推断地球内部的应力状态。 (3) 利用地质学方法,推断产生现代构造运动的应力场。 (4) 在实验室研究地壳内部岩石的脆破裂,高温高压下物质的流动规律,岩组测压技
The tectonic phenomena in the crust and the occurrence of earthquakes both are the result of the stress inside the crust. Studying the state of stress field and the distribution of stress field with time and space in the earth’s crust and the occurrence of earthquakes in what kind of stress state are the key problems to solve the earthquake prediction problem. Understanding the formation and distribution of stress in the crustal surface, the size and changing characteristics of stress is very important for solving the geological engineering problems. At present, the methods for studying the stress and stress fields in the earth are mainly in the following four categories. (1) Direct measurement of the stress state in the borehole in the field. (2) Extrapolate the stress state inside the earth using seismological, gravimetric and geothermal data obtained from geophysical observations. (3) Use of geology to infer the stress field that produces modern tectonic movements. (4) Studying the brittle fracture of rock inside the crust in the laboratory, the law of material flow under high temperature and high pressure,