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金属在真空中蒸发时,金属原子连续不断地到达固体衬底上冷凝,形成金属薄膜,这就是真空镀膜的方法。在蒸发初期,衬底上的膜是不连续的,呈“小岛”结构的微细粉末。因此,只要设法使金属蒸气迅速冷凝,且不让它有形成连续膜的机会,则在真空中蒸发金属亦可能制得超细粉末。基于此设想,将固体衬底改为流动的低蒸汽压液体,当金属原子到达流动的
When the metal is evaporated in a vacuum, the metal atoms continuously reach the solid substrate to condense to form a metal film, which is a vacuum coating method. In the early stages of evaporation, the film on the substrate is discontinuous with a fine powder of “island” structure. As a result, ultra-fine powders may also be made by evaporating the metal in a vacuum as long as it is attempted to allow the metal vapor to rapidly condense and not allow it to form a continuous film. Based on this assumption, the solid substrate is changed to a flowing low vapor pressure liquid, and when the metal atoms reach the flowing