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长期以来,一般认为铸件中近乎球形的气孔内表面都是光滑的,可是对它们详细的形状和状态却尚未研究过。本文介绍对灰铸铁和球墨铸铁中气孔的内部状况所作的研究,以阐明气孔的实际状态;并介绍用扫描电镜和 X-射线显微分析所取得的有关气孔的资料。由气体所形成的气孔的内表面,看起来似乎是光滑的,而且是近于球形,其实不一定是十分光滑的。氧化了的气孔,其特征不同于由还原性气氛或气体产生的气孔。由 H_2、N_2和 CO 气体产生的气孔也有不同的内表面,而且灰铸铁和球墨铸铁中的气孔也有所不同。在铸铁气孔的内表面上,发现了 SiO_2、MnO、SiO_2—MnO 等氧化物和形状各异、大小不等的石墨,而且它们的性状在灰铸铁和球墨铸铁中是不同的。
For a long time, the near-spherical inner surfaces of pores in castings have generally been considered smooth, but their detailed shape and condition have not been studied. This article presents studies on the internal conditions of stomata in gray cast iron and ductile iron to clarify the actual state of the stomata. Information on stomata obtained by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microscopy is also presented. The inner surface of the pores formed by the gas, which appears to be smooth and nearly spherical, is not necessarily very smooth. Oxidized pores, which are distinguished from pores produced by a reducing atmosphere or gas. The pores produced by H 2, N 2 and CO gases also have different internal surfaces, and the pores in gray iron and ductile iron are also different. On the inner surface of cast iron pores, oxides such as SiO 2, MnO, SiO 2 -MnO and graphite of various sizes and sizes were found, and their properties were different between gray iron and ductile iron.