在必然性与自由的观念之间存在着几乎不可否认的对立。在哲学史的进程中人们曾多次试图维护人的自由,以反对任何一种必然性的“危险预兆”。必然性观念与“决定性”、“因果性”和“无选择性”等概念相关联,特别是与下列观点联系在一起;——一切事物都是以必然性而发生的,事物的发生没有偶然性也没有选择。——与决定论的一般原理相关,一切事情都是被决定的。——与一般因果原理相关,一切事物都 There is an almost undeniable opposition between the concept of necessity and freedom. In the course of the history of philosophy, people have tried many times to defend people’s freedom in opposition to any kind of “danger omen”. The notion of necessity is associated with concepts such as “decisiveness”, “causal”, and “nonselectivity,” especially in relation to the following: - everything happens with necessity, something The occurrence of no accident or no choice. - In connection with the general principle of determinism, everything is decided. - Related to the general causal principle, everything is