美国西北大学凯洛格商学院教授、整合营销创始人唐·舒尔兹(Don Schultz)曾预言:“零售商未来的成功模式只有两种,一种是沃尔玛模式,即通过提高供应链效率,挤压上下游成本,以价格和地理位置作为主要竞争力;另一种是德士高模式,即通过对顾客的了解和良好的顾客关系,将顾客忠诚计划作为企业的核心竞争力。没有任何中间路线。” Don Schultz, a professor of Kellogg’s business school at Northwestern University and founder of integrated marketing, predicted: “There are only two types of retailers’ success in the future. One is the Wal-Mart model, which is to improve the supply chain efficiency , Squeeze the upstream and downstream costs, the price and geographical location as the main competitiveness; the other is the Texaco model, that is, through customer understanding and good customer relations, customer loyalty program as the core competitiveness of enterprises. Any middle way. ”