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2012年农业部启动中国重要农业文化遗产发掘工作以来，通过两批申报与评选，有39个传统农业系统入选中国重要农业文化遗产，其中涉及林业19项、种植业14项、农业复合系统4项、其他2项。从遗产系统的起源来看，历史在1000年以上的农业系统有24个。从民族特征来看，20个遗产系统位于少数民族聚居区。当前，农业文化遗产地普遍面临着生态系统的退化与破坏，传统农业技术和农业景观的遗失与废弃，农业规模化与产业化发展滞后，农户的利益分享与激励不足等问题。相对其他遗产类型，农业文化遗产的保护与发展更为复杂和困难。为实现农业文化遗产的可持续发展，要充分发挥政府的主导作用和财政扶持功能，探索农业文化遗产保护与发展的市场化途径与适应性管理，建立多方参与和惠益分享机制，加强农业文化遗产的基础研究工作。“,”In 2012 the Ministry of Agriculture of China launched a project exploring Nationaly Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS). Through two rounds of applications and selection in 2012 and 2013, 39 traditional agricultural systems were selected and designated as China-NIAHS, including 19 forestry systems, 14 planting systems, four agricultural complex systems and two other systems. From a system origin perspective there were 24 agricultural systems, some dating back 1000 years. Twenty heritage systems are located in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities. Agricultural heritage systems face general challenges, such as ecosystem degradation and destruction, loss and abandonment of traditional agricultural technologies and landscapes, lagging agriculture scale and industrialization, and limited farmer beneift-sharing and incentives. Compared to other types of heritage, the conservation and development of agricultural heritage systems is more complex and dififcult. In order to achieve sustainable development of agricultural heritage systems, the government should play a leading role and improve ifnancial support functions. Local people should also explore market-oriented approaches and adaptive management methods on protection and development of NIAHS. Multi-participation and beneift-sharing mechanisms should be established and basic research needs to be strengthened.