民族和民族性是欧洲民族学史上的两大核心概念。民族(ethno)一词来源于希腊语,后来被用来指代作为民族学的研究对象的人类群体。马克斯·韦伯最早提出了“族群”的定义,并在想象的群体和真实的群体之间加以区分。从俄国学者史禄国开始,民族学对于“族群”有本质主义、建构主义和相对主义等多种定义法,以至于“民族”以及与之密切相关的“民族性”概念不断遭到质疑。今天的人们更倾向于使用“认同”这一新的主导概念,长期以来处于中心地位的民族和民族性概念已逐渐退出历史舞台。 Ethnicity and nationality are two core concepts in the history of European ethnology. The term ethno originates in Greek and was later used to refer to the human group that is the subject of ethnography. Max Weber first proposed the definition of “ethnic group” and made a distinction between the imagined group and the real group. Starting from the Russian scholar Shi Luguo, ethnology has many definitions of law such as essentialism, constructivism and relativism for “ethnic group ”, so that “nation ” and its closely related “nationality Constantly challenged the concept. People today are more inclined to use the new dominant concept of ”identity ", and the notion of nationality and nationality, which has long been at the center, has gradually been withdrawn from the stage of history.