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长期以来,上消化道出血主要依靠外科手术等治疗。70年代运用了甲氰味胍为代表的H_z—受体拮抗剂和内窥镜治疗,但近年认为其疗效并不满意。目前随着对下丘脑激素——生长抑素(简称SS)的研究进展,国外报道。SS治疗上消化道出血有良好效果,现综述如下。一、胃肠道中的D细胞和生长抑素 SS是1972年首先由Guillemin等从羊的下丘脑中分离、鉴定的脑肠肽,由于它对生长激素有特殊的抑制作用,故名。以后相继在其它动物的下丘脑及胃、肠、胰腺组织中提取出SS。已知,胰腺的D细胞是SS的分泌细胞。进一步的研究证明:含有或能分泌SS的D细胞在脑—肠轴系有广泛的组织学分布,含有SS免疫反应活性的神经纤维也广泛分布于胃肠道直至胃的肌层中。进行免疫细胞化学染色研究,发现D细
For a long time, upper gastrointestinal bleeding mainly rely on surgery and other treatment. The 1970s used cyanogen guanidine as the representative of H_z-receptor antagonists and endoscopic treatment, but in recent years that its efficacy is not satisfied. At present with the hypothalamic hormone - somatostatin (referred to as SS) research, foreign reports. SS treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding has a good effect, are summarized below. First, gastrointestinal D cells and somatostatin SS was first in 1972 by Guillemin et al from the hypothalamus in sheep isolated and identified brain peptide, because of its growth hormone has a special inhibitory effect, hence the name. Later in the other animals in the hypothalamus and stomach, intestine, pancreatic tissue extracted SS. It is known that pancreatic D cells are secreting cells of SS. Further studies have demonstrated that D-cells containing or secreting SS have a wide range of histological distribution in the brain-gut axis, and nerve fibers containing SS immunoreactivity are also widely distributed in the gastrointestinal tract up to the stomach myometrium. Immunocytochemical staining study found D fine