The bearing is described by constrain matrix, and the spindle system of a NC surface grinding machine is simplified as elastic-coupling beam, then modal synthesis method is used to establish the dynamic model of beam. Moreover, the response of the end of rotor is analyzed, and the natural frequency, principle mode and other dynamic characteristics of the coupling system are studied, the law of bearing stiffness to coupling frequency and amplitude of rotor is also found. Finally, according to the actual condition, a dynamic absorber is designed. The simulation and experimental results show that the amplitude of spindle can be declined effectively when the dynamic absorber is attached. The bearing is described by constrain matrix, and the spindle system of a NC surface grinding machine is simplified as elastic-coupling beam, then modal synthesis method is used to establish the dynamic model of beam. analyzed, and the natural frequency, principle mode and other dynamic characteristics of the coupling system are studied, the law of bearing stiffness to coupling frequency and amplitude of rotor is also found. Finally, according to the actual condition, a dynamic absorber is designed. The simulation and experimental results show the the amplitude of spindle can be successfully effective when the dynamic absorber is attached.