作用力的种类和大小在铁路车辆结构中,除车辆自重和有效载荷产生的垂直载荷外,作用于车辆的纵向力对考虑车辆参数起着决定性的影响。这对轻型结构的车辆尤其如此,因为正是由于纵向力的作用,才需要加厚车壁及使用补强材料,这样就不恰当地增加了车辆自重。为保障旅客的安生,在设计时,须对承受纵向力的问题采取特殊的措施。 Types and Sizes of Forces In railway vehicle structures, the longitudinal forces acting on the vehicle, in addition to the vertical loads generated by the deadweight and the payload of the vehicle, have a decisive effect on the vehicle parameters. This is especially true for vehicles with a light weight construction, because it is precisely because of the longitudinal forces that thickening of the vehicle wall and the use of reinforcing materials are required, which adds inappropriate weight to the vehicle. In order to protect the safety of tourists, special measures must be taken on the issue of longitudinal forces.