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【摘要】筆者总结了八点适合艺考生的解题方法：三步法、同义替换、推断、细节、主旨大意、逻辑关系、猜词与指代、词感。通过这八点解题方法，旨在学生解新高考英语阅读题中得高分。
【关键词】英语新高考；阅读理解；解题技巧
新高考英语阅读题，阅读选材广泛，各种文体各占一定的比例，在内容上贴近生活，语言能够体现当代英语的特点，语篇逻辑经得起推敲，与学生的阅读水平相吻合。阅读理解设计题目的结构难度基本稳定，方式大致相同。但词汇总量加大，阅读速度提高，且非考纲词汇有所增加，长难句有所增加。时文报道类、科普知识类、应用广告类、史地文化、短篇故事、说理小品、幽默小品是高考热门文章。但是艺术类考生对于这一题型解题基本靠猜，导致失分较多。针对这种实际情况，我总结了八点适合艺考生的解题方法，希望可以帮助他们得分。
一、三步法
首先通过题目中的信息词定位到文章段落。其次，确定两个信息，即“题中所问”和“文中所写”的信息。最后，从答案的选项中进行信息匹配。定位方法可分为：同义替换、推断、细节排除、主旨大意、逻辑定位、猜词指代、词感判断和长句子等八种。
首先我们要学会通过三步法找到答案。
Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons： a combination of savings， income， scholarships， and a modest amount of borrowings. Then her husband lost his job， and then the plan fell apart.
“I have two kids in college， and I want to say ‘ come home’， but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education，” says Jacobs.
The Jacobs family did work out a solution： They asked and received more aid from the schools， and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan program. They will each graduate with $20，000 of debt， but at least they will be able to finish school.
With unemployment rising， financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the Jacobs. More students are applying for aid， and more families expect to need student loans. College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around.
At the same time， tuition continue to rise. A report form the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007， while average family income rose just 147%. Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade.
“If we go on this way for another 25 years， we won’t have an affordable system of higher education，” says Patrick M. Callen， president of the center. “The middle class families have been financing it through debt. They will send kids to college whatever it takes， even if that means a huge amount of debt.
Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that students loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. The good news， however， is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing， and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted.
1.According to Paragraph 1， why did the plan the Jacobs family fail？ A.The twins wasted too much money
B.The father was out of work.
C.Their savings ran out
D.The family fell apart
2.How did the Jacobs manage to solve their problem？
A.They asked their kids to come home.
B.They borrowed $20，000 from the school.
C.They encouraged their sons to do part-time jobs.
D.They got help from the school and the federal government.
3.Financial aid administrators believe that .
A.More families will face the same problem as the Jacobs
B.The government will receive more letters of complaint
C.College tuition fees will double soon
D.America’s unemployment will fall
4.What can we learn about the middle class families from the text？
A.They blamed the government for the tuition increase
B.Their income remained steady in the last decade
C.They will try their best to send kids to college
D.Their debts will be paid off within 25 years
5.According to the last paragraph， the government will .
A.Provide most students with scholarships
B.Dismiss some financial aid administrators
C.Stop the companies from making student loans
D.Go on providing financial support for college students
二、同義替换
Practice
Arthur Miller （1915-2005） is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Miller’s father had moved to the USA from Austria Hungary， drawn like so many others by the “Great American Dream”. However， he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.
1.Why did Arthur Miller’s father move to the USA？
A.He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.
B.He was attracted by the “Great American Dream”
C.He hoped to make his son a dramatist.
D.His family business failed.
三、推断
“那栋大楼冒烟了”。从这句话中我们可以推断出 。
那栋大楼在冒烟 B. 那栋大楼里有烟
C. 那栋大楼里冒出来的是烟 D. 那栋大楼里有东西在燃烧
很明显，ABC选项都是对事实进行阐述而已，只有D选项是根据事实进行的合理推断。阅读理解中的推断所依据的可以是事实，也可以是作者的态度、观点等，总之，要学会从文章所给的信息中进行合理的推断。
Practice
One day， when I was working as a psychologist in England， an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly， his face pale， and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. “This boy has lost his family，” he wrote. “He is understandably every sad and refuses to talk to others， and I’m very worried about him. Can you help？” 1.When he first met the author， David .
A.Felt a little excited B. Walked energetically
C. Looked a little nervous D. Showed up with his teacher
四、细节
细节题通常是将正确的信息和多个干扰信息混淆在一起。因此，细节题多用排除法。
Practice
If a diver surfaces too quickly， he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence， if the bubbles accumulate in a joint， is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain， the consequence can be death.
Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends？
A twisted body. B. A gradual decrease in blood supply.
C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood D. A drop in blood pressure
五、主旨大意
主旨大意分整个文章的主旨和段落主旨。
1.看首尾——看文章的首尾段落或段落的首尾句。
2.看词频——依据信号词出现的频率。
3.大小标题都要看。
4.逻辑关系表强调。
Practice
Some people think that success in only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family， and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I’m not going to say luck， talent， and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence， and that’s just the reality of how life is.
1.Paragraph 1 mainly talks about .
A.The reason for success B. The meaning of success
C. The standards of success D. The importance of success
六、逻辑关系
逻辑关系多以转折、因果居多，目的是为了引出重点，包括文章的论点，作者的态度、观点等。逻辑关系词如同是指路明灯，因此通过逻辑关系可直接略过干扰信息，快速定位到文章的有效信息。常见的逻辑关系词有：but/however/even if（though）/although/so等。
Practice
It doesn’t mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview. But， next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible， imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So， let your imagination run wild， and dare to dream.
1.In the last paragraph， you are advised .
A.To go through some difficult tests
B.To wake up from your wild dreams
C.To become a powerful person in your mind
D.To wear expensive clothes for job interviews
七、猜词与指代
猜词——依据上下文，具体可以通过对比、定义、描述、概括及近义词提示等确定意思。
指代——指代前面的名詞。
Practice
The advanced EP also heats the room evenly， wall to wall and floor to ceiling. It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet. Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP， the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.
1.The underlined word “evenly” in paragraph 4 probably means _____.
A.Continuously B. Separately C. Quickly D. Equally
八、词感
通过对词语的感情色彩来判断文章的基调及作者的态度等。词感总的可以分为向上和向下两类：向上表示积极的、正确的、好的；向下的表示消极的、负面的、不好的。
Practice
But when asked which authors they actually enjoy， people named J.K Rowling， John Grisham， Sophie Kinsella（ah， the big sellers， in other words）. Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story （I’ll come clean： I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so）.
1.What is the author’s attitude to 58% of readers？
A.Favorable B. Uncaring C. Doubtful D. Friendly
【关键词】英语新高考；阅读理解；解题技巧
新高考英语阅读题，阅读选材广泛，各种文体各占一定的比例，在内容上贴近生活，语言能够体现当代英语的特点，语篇逻辑经得起推敲，与学生的阅读水平相吻合。阅读理解设计题目的结构难度基本稳定，方式大致相同。但词汇总量加大，阅读速度提高，且非考纲词汇有所增加，长难句有所增加。时文报道类、科普知识类、应用广告类、史地文化、短篇故事、说理小品、幽默小品是高考热门文章。但是艺术类考生对于这一题型解题基本靠猜，导致失分较多。针对这种实际情况，我总结了八点适合艺考生的解题方法，希望可以帮助他们得分。
一、三步法
首先通过题目中的信息词定位到文章段落。其次，确定两个信息，即“题中所问”和“文中所写”的信息。最后，从答案的选项中进行信息匹配。定位方法可分为：同义替换、推断、细节排除、主旨大意、逻辑定位、猜词指代、词感判断和长句子等八种。
首先我们要学会通过三步法找到答案。
Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons： a combination of savings， income， scholarships， and a modest amount of borrowings. Then her husband lost his job， and then the plan fell apart.
“I have two kids in college， and I want to say ‘ come home’， but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education，” says Jacobs.
The Jacobs family did work out a solution： They asked and received more aid from the schools， and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan program. They will each graduate with $20，000 of debt， but at least they will be able to finish school.
With unemployment rising， financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the Jacobs. More students are applying for aid， and more families expect to need student loans. College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around.
At the same time， tuition continue to rise. A report form the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007， while average family income rose just 147%. Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade.
“If we go on this way for another 25 years， we won’t have an affordable system of higher education，” says Patrick M. Callen， president of the center. “The middle class families have been financing it through debt. They will send kids to college whatever it takes， even if that means a huge amount of debt.
Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that students loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. The good news， however， is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing， and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted.
1.According to Paragraph 1， why did the plan the Jacobs family fail？ A.The twins wasted too much money
B.The father was out of work.
C.Their savings ran out
D.The family fell apart
2.How did the Jacobs manage to solve their problem？
A.They asked their kids to come home.
B.They borrowed $20，000 from the school.
C.They encouraged their sons to do part-time jobs.
D.They got help from the school and the federal government.
3.Financial aid administrators believe that .
A.More families will face the same problem as the Jacobs
B.The government will receive more letters of complaint
C.College tuition fees will double soon
D.America’s unemployment will fall
4.What can we learn about the middle class families from the text？
A.They blamed the government for the tuition increase
B.Their income remained steady in the last decade
C.They will try their best to send kids to college
D.Their debts will be paid off within 25 years
5.According to the last paragraph， the government will .
A.Provide most students with scholarships
B.Dismiss some financial aid administrators
C.Stop the companies from making student loans
D.Go on providing financial support for college students
二、同義替换
Practice
Arthur Miller （1915-2005） is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Miller’s father had moved to the USA from Austria Hungary， drawn like so many others by the “Great American Dream”. However， he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.
1.Why did Arthur Miller’s father move to the USA？
A.He suffered from severe hunger in his home country.
B.He was attracted by the “Great American Dream”
C.He hoped to make his son a dramatist.
D.His family business failed.
三、推断
“那栋大楼冒烟了”。从这句话中我们可以推断出 。
那栋大楼在冒烟 B. 那栋大楼里有烟
C. 那栋大楼里冒出来的是烟 D. 那栋大楼里有东西在燃烧
很明显，ABC选项都是对事实进行阐述而已，只有D选项是根据事实进行的合理推断。阅读理解中的推断所依据的可以是事实，也可以是作者的态度、观点等，总之，要学会从文章所给的信息中进行合理的推断。
Practice
One day， when I was working as a psychologist in England， an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly， his face pale， and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. “This boy has lost his family，” he wrote. “He is understandably every sad and refuses to talk to others， and I’m very worried about him. Can you help？” 1.When he first met the author， David .
A.Felt a little excited B. Walked energetically
C. Looked a little nervous D. Showed up with his teacher
四、细节
细节题通常是将正确的信息和多个干扰信息混淆在一起。因此，细节题多用排除法。
Practice
If a diver surfaces too quickly， he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence， if the bubbles accumulate in a joint， is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain， the consequence can be death.
Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends？
A twisted body. B. A gradual decrease in blood supply.
C. A sudden release of nitrogen in blood D. A drop in blood pressure
五、主旨大意
主旨大意分整个文章的主旨和段落主旨。
1.看首尾——看文章的首尾段落或段落的首尾句。
2.看词频——依据信号词出现的频率。
3.大小标题都要看。
4.逻辑关系表强调。
Practice
Some people think that success in only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family， and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I’m not going to say luck， talent， and circumstances don’t come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence， and that’s just the reality of how life is.
1.Paragraph 1 mainly talks about .
A.The reason for success B. The meaning of success
C. The standards of success D. The importance of success
六、逻辑关系
逻辑关系多以转折、因果居多，目的是为了引出重点，包括文章的论点，作者的态度、观点等。逻辑关系词如同是指路明灯，因此通过逻辑关系可直接略过干扰信息，快速定位到文章的有效信息。常见的逻辑关系词有：but/however/even if（though）/although/so等。
Practice
It doesn’t mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview. But， next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible， imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So， let your imagination run wild， and dare to dream.
1.In the last paragraph， you are advised .
A.To go through some difficult tests
B.To wake up from your wild dreams
C.To become a powerful person in your mind
D.To wear expensive clothes for job interviews
七、猜词与指代
猜词——依据上下文，具体可以通过对比、定义、描述、概括及近义词提示等确定意思。
指代——指代前面的名詞。
Practice
The advanced EP also heats the room evenly， wall to wall and floor to ceiling. It comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet. Other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room. And they only heat an area a few feet around the heater. With the EP， the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.
1.The underlined word “evenly” in paragraph 4 probably means _____.
A.Continuously B. Separately C. Quickly D. Equally
八、词感
通过对词语的感情色彩来判断文章的基调及作者的态度等。词感总的可以分为向上和向下两类：向上表示积极的、正确的、好的；向下的表示消极的、负面的、不好的。
Practice
But when asked which authors they actually enjoy， people named J.K Rowling， John Grisham， Sophie Kinsella（ah， the big sellers， in other words）. Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story （I’ll come clean： I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so）.
1.What is the author’s attitude to 58% of readers？
A.Favorable B. Uncaring C. Doubtful D. Friendly