户籍制度改革一直在进行新中国成立初期,为了减少城镇的人口压力和就业压力,保障城镇经济发展,国家开始限制农民盲目流入城镇。1958年1月,全国人大常委会通过《中华人民共和国户口登记条例》,第一次明确将城乡居民区分为“农业户口”和“非农业户口”两种不同户籍,标志着我国户籍管理制度的正式建立。此后,为了社会治理和公共服务资源分配的方便,教育、医疗、劳动就业、社会保障、住房保障、计划生育、土地供给等一系列的公共资源分配和管理 Reform of the household registration system has been in its infancy. In the early days of New China, in order to reduce population pressure and employment pressure in urban areas and ensure urban economic development, the state began to restrict farmers from blindly flowing into cities and towns. In January 1958, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress passed the Regulation of the People’s Republic of China on the Registration of Hukou, for the first time explicitly divided the urban and rural residents into two types of household registrations, namely “agricultural account” and “non-agricultural account”, marking China The establishment of household registration management system. Since then, a series of public resources allocation and management such as education, medical care, labor and employment, social security, housing security, family planning and land supply have been carried out for the convenience of social governance and distribution of public service resources