海洋中有丰富的油气资源。古代海洋生物遗骸沉到海底,被泥沙掩埋,几百万年之后在海底的压力和温度下就变成了石油或天然气。石油或天然气穿过疏松岩层向上流动,被致密的岩层固封起来,就形成了油气田。1986年在美国加利福尼亚州近海钻出了第一口近海油井。以后在许多大陆架上都发现了油田。目前已探明海底石油天然气储量大体上和陆地储量相当,海上石油产量约占全世界石油产量的30％。 在海上开采石油比较麻烦,比 The ocean is rich in oil and gas resources. The remains of ancient marine life sank to the bottom of the sea and were buried in mud and sand, turning millions of years into oil or natural gas under seafloor pressure and temperature. Oil or natural gas flowed through the unconsolidated rock layers and was solidified by dense rock formations to form oil and gas fields. In 1986, the first offshore oil well was drilled offshore in California, USA. Later on many continental shelf oil fields were discovered. At present it has been proved that the seabed oil and gas reserves are generally equivalent to the land reserves and the offshore oil production accounts for about 30% of the world’s oil production. It is more troublesome to mine oil at sea