就环境管制对国际竞争力的影响而言,国际学术界形成了两派截然不同的观点。传统学派声称环境管制的实施会降低本国企业的国际竞争力,因为较高的环境标准将导致国内厂商生产成本的上升进而损害其在国际市场上的竞争力,而且严厉的环境管制所产生的环境收益(如环境质量的改善等)有可能低于将本国市场让给国外竞争者所遭受的损失,因此采用较高的环境标准可能是得不偿失的做法。修正学派则主张新的较严厉的环境管制将会带来更多的创新活动,引起生 In terms of the impact of environmental regulation on international competitiveness, the international academic community has formed a totally different perspective. The traditional school claims that the implementation of environmental regulation will reduce the international competitiveness of their own enterprises because higher environmental standards will lead to the rise of domestic manufacturers’ production costs, thus undermining their competitiveness in the international market, and the harsh environment resulting from environmental regulation The benefits (such as improvements in environmental quality, etc.) are likely to be lower than the losses sustained to foreign competitors in their own markets, so adopting higher environmental standards may be more than adequate. The revisionist school argued that the newer and tougher environmental regulations will bring more innovative activities and generate more students