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瑞典新的洪水设计及大坝安全指南对全国水库大坝的安全提出了更高的要求。指南对每一条河流情况进行了复核并找到了较好的解决方案,即储水和提高溢洪道泄洪能力相结合的方案。为了符合指南的要求,瑞典全国上下都在实施一个大坝安全计划,对大量的水库大坝提高其安全性能,以满足更高的洪水设计(及其它方面)的要求。技术方案包括大坝加固、溢洪道泄洪能力提升和临时储水设施。Stenkullafor 水库大坝设有一个 2 闸控制的敞开式溢洪道。该水库修改后的设计洪水将比现有溢洪道泄洪能力提高 40%。根据成本效益分析,提高溢洪道泄流能力的主要措施是降低其中一个闸门顶高程,以适应需要提高的泄洪能力。通过水工模型试验,一方面优化溢洪道顶部轮廓,另一方面降低溢洪道顶部改造和新闸门的成本。溢洪道右侧闸门底高程降低 4.3 m,并新安装一扇更高的闸门。现在,大坝的安全性能已得到提高。对水工模型试验和施工时的洪水风险,施工过程及其遇到的困难进行了介绍,并对坝体加固、上游坡新的侵蚀防护、下游消能及下游行洪渠道等工程措施进行了描述。
Sweden’s new flood design and dam safety guidelines place higher demands on the safety of national reservoir dams. The guidelines reviewed each river condition and found a better solution, a combination of water storage and flood spillway capacity enhancement. In compliance with the guidelines, a dam safety plan is being implemented throughout the country, sweeping up the safety performance of a large number of reservoir dams to meet the demands of higher flood designs (and beyond). The technical solutions include dam reinforcement, flood spillway capacity improvement and temporary storage facilities. The Stenkullafor dam has a 2-gate open spillway. The revised design flood of the reservoir will increase the discharge capacity of existing spillways by 40%. According to a cost-benefit analysis, the main measure to improve spillway discharge capacity is to lower one of the gate crest levels to accommodate the need for enhanced flood discharge capacity. Through hydraulic model tests, the top profile of the spillway was optimized on the one hand and the cost of the top spillway renovation and the new gate was reduced on the other hand. Lower elevation at the bottom of the spillway to the right is 4.3 m lower and a new higher gate installed. Now the dam’s safety has improved. The flood risk, construction process and difficulties encountered in hydraulic model test and construction are introduced, and the engineering measures such as strengthening of dam body, new erosion protection of upstream slope, downstream energy dissipation and downstream flood discharge channel are carried out description.