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“使”字句是现代汉语典型的致使句式,英语不存在一种单一句式与之完全对应,这给汉英对比研究留下极大探索空间。本文以Talmy的致使义理论为框架考察“使”字句的语义。研究发现:一、现代汉语致使元素“使”可对应英语中的迂回致使动词make,allow等,也可将致使义词化并入到另一词汇致使动词bend,distort等词中。二、“使”字句多以SVOC句式构建,但英语中可对应的句式有SV(O)C,SVOA,SVP,SV,SVO,SVO+INF.。三、使因事件型是“使”字句最基本的致使义类型,遵循使因事件在前,受因事件在后的语言表征顺序。本文结合TED Speeches平行语料库验证了Talmy致使义理论对汉语“使”字句的适用性,解决了“使”字句和英语当中哪些句式对应的问题。
The phrase “make ” is a typical sentence pattern in modern Chinese. There is not a single sentence in English that exactly corresponds to it, which leaves a great space for exploration in comparative studies between Chinese and English. This paper examines the semantics of the sentence “使” with Talmy’s theory of causation. The findings are as follows: First, the modern Chinese makes the element “make ” correspond to the verb make in the English language make, allow, etc., and can also cause the lexicalization into another word that causes the verb bend, distort and other words. Second, “make ” more sentences to SVOC sentence style construction, but the English sentence pattern can be corresponding SV (O) C, SVOA, SVP, SV, SVO, SVO + INF .. Third, to make the event type is the most basic type of “make” word, follow the order in which the event is preceded by the event and the language after the event is followed. In this paper, TED Speeches parallel corpus is used to verify the applicability of Talmy’s theory of righteousness to the Chinese word “使”, which solves the problem of which sentence “使” corresponds to which sentence in English.