自近代新儒家的开拓者们对宋儒学提出新的解释以来,学术界在一个关键的问题上存在着一个广泛的共识,即宋儒学对心性学的主张可以与康德的实践理性批判相当。因此,如果我们能利用康德的思想重新诠释宋儒学的话,必定能取得丰硕的成果,历史已经证明,牟宗三引康德哲学入中国儒学的努力是极为成功的。本文认为,将心性学与康德对道德的考察对接起来的做法,尽管在某种意义上激发了传统儒学的新活力,但同时也不可避免地忽略了中国哲学的独特性内容。本文的着眼点在于,不从实践理性入手,而是以康德的第三批判为工具再来思考宋儒的心性之学,看看是否更符合实际情况。 Since the pioneers of modern Neo-Confucianism put forward a new interpretation of Song Confucianism, there is a broad consensus in academic circles on a crucial issue that Song Confucianism’s conception of psychology can be commensurate with Kant’s practical rationality. Therefore, if we can reinterpret Song Confucianism with Kant’s ideas, we can surely achieve fruitful results. History has proved that Mou Zongsan’s efforts to introduce Kant into China’s Confucianism have been extremely successful. This paper argues that the connection between psychology and Kant’s ethical investigation, although stimulating the new vitality of traditional Confucianism in a certain sense, also inevitably ignores the uniqueness of Chinese philosophy. This article’s point of view is not to start with the practical rationality, but to think about the Confucian school of mind nature again with Kant’s third critique as a tool to see if it is more realistic.