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目的了解农村学龄儿童智力发育现状及其与孕期和现时家庭经济状况的关系,为改善农村学龄儿童营养水平、促进农村儿童智力发育提供参考依据。方法于2013年12月—2014年7月,采用随访队列研究,对2002年参与“中国西部农村新生儿低出生体重的微营养素干预研究”项目人群进行随访,选择2002年12月—2006年1月出生的1 621名儿童及其母亲作为研究对象,主要通过面对面访问的形式调查儿童家庭情况,采用量表测评儿童智力水平。采用相关性分析和公平性分析比较孕期和现时家庭经济状况对儿童智力发育的影响。结果儿童标化后总智商平均得分为(89.9±13.0)分,言语理解、知觉推理、工作记忆和加工速度平均得分分别为(88.1±15.8)(93.2±13.7)(96.0±13.1)(91.3±12.2)分。智力落后儿童孕期家庭经济状况和现时家庭经济状况的集中指数与可信区间分别为-0.178(-0.232~-0.124)和-0.292(-0.346~-0.238),差异有统计学意义;智力高于常人儿童孕期家庭经济状况和现时家庭经济状况的集中指数和可信区间分别为0.278(0.229~0.327)和0.362(0.313~0.411),差异无统计学意义。结论较好的家庭经济状况对儿童智力发育有正向促进作用,且现时经济的影响更大。
Objective To understand the status quo of mental development of school-age children in rural areas and their relationship with current economic status during pregnancy and current conditions, and to provide a reference for improving the nutritional status of rural school-age children and promoting the mental development of rural children. Methods From December 2013 to July 2014, a follow-up cohort study was conducted to investigate the population involved in the “Micronutrient Intervention Study of Low Birth Weight in Newborns in Rural Areas of China in 2002”, and selected from December 2002 to December 2006 A total of 1,621 children and their mothers born in January of this year were selected as research subjects. The situation of children’s families was investigated mainly through face-to-face interviews, and the scale of children’s intelligence was used to measure the intelligence level of children. The correlation analysis and fairness analysis were used to compare the impact of pregnancy and current family economic status on children’s intellectual development. Results The average score of total IQ was (89.9 ± 13.0) points after standardization in children. The mean scores of speech comprehension, perception reasoning, working memory and processing speed were (88.1 ± 15.8) (93.2 ± 13.7) (96.0 ± 13.1) (91.3 ± 12.2) points. The concentration index and confidence interval of the family economic status of pregnant women with mental retardation and current family economic status were -0.178 (-0.232 ~ -0.124) and -0.292 (-0.346 ~ -0.238) respectively, the difference was statistically significant; The concentration index and credible interval of ordinary children’s family economic status during the pregnancy and the current family economic status were 0.278 (0.229-0.372) and 0.362 (0.313-0.411), respectively, with no significant difference. Conclusion The better family economic status has a positive effect on children’s intellectual development, and the current economic impact is even greater.