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目的 研究江苏口岸小家鼠的基因多态性和遗传进化规律,为国境口岸小家鼠的鉴定和溯源提供技术支持.方法 通过基因扩增、测序和比对,研究江苏10个口岸小家鼠线粒体基因组成,结合GenBank中小家鼠线粒体基因组信息,对小家鼠进行遗传多态性分析和系统发育研究.结果 小家鼠的线粒体全基因组序列全长约16 300 bp,由13种蛋白质编码基因、2种rRNA基因、22种tRNA基因、1个轻链复制起始区和1个控制区等构成.生物信息学分析发现小家鼠线粒体基因多态性丰富,其遗传进化规律与地理位置有一定的联系,不同地区小家鼠之间的分化程度大于同一地区小家鼠之间的分化程度.结论 小家鼠的种内差异程度与不同个体所处地理位置有很大联系,我国的小家鼠大致可以长江为界限进行划分.“,”Objective To study the genetic polymorphisms of the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Mus musculus collected in Jiangsu ports,to provide support for the species identification of rodents at frontier ports.Methods The mitochondrial genes of M.musculus were amplified,sequenced,aligned and combined with the information in GenBank to analyze genetic polymorphism and create phylogenetic tree for M.musculus.Results The full mitochondrial genome sequence of M.musculus was about 16 300 bp,which includes 13 protein-coding genes,2 rRNA genes,22 tRNA genes,1 origin of replication of light chain and 1 controlled area.The bioinformatics analysis indicated that nucleotide polymorphism of M.musculus was rich,the genetic evolutionary was correlated with the geographical location.The extent of genetic differentiation of M.musculus from different regions was larger than that of the same region.Conclusion There were species difference in M.musculus of different areas,this difference was obviously related to the geographical origin.M.musculus in China can be divided by the Yangtze River as a boundary,which is similar but not obvious as the rule of evolutionary relationships in M.musculus in Jiangsu province.