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目的调查分析深圳地区市售粮食和食用油中4种黄曲霉毒素(AFs)的污染状况。方法以分层随机抽样得到的238份粮油食品作为研究对象,采用免疫亲和层析净化超高效色谱法测定AFB1、AFB2、AFG1和AFG24种黄曲霉毒素含量。结果大米、米制品、小麦粉、玉米粉、食用油中总黄曲霉毒素阳性率分别为35.3%、33.8%、13.9%、46.7%和24.5%。其中定型包装大米AFs阳性率(26.5%)与散装大米AFs阳性率(56.3%)差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.6,P<0.05);长江以北地区出产的大米AFs阳性率(27.3%)与长江以南地区出产的大米AFs阳性率(41.4%)差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.257,P<0.05)。米制品、小麦粉和玉米粉仅检出黄曲霉毒素B1和B2。食用油中AFB1、AFB2、AFG1和AFG2阳性率分别为24.5%、24.5%、11.3%和3.8%。AFB1超标率为5.66%,超标样本全部为作坊生产的无牌散装自榨花生油。结论深圳市售大米、食用油存在4种黄曲霉毒素联合污染的状况,污染以黄曲霉毒素B1和B2为主。深圳市售南北两地产大米污染状况有差异,散装包装大米污染状况有差异。
Objective To investigate and analyze the contamination status of four kinds of aflatoxins (AFs) in food and edible oils on the market in Shenzhen. Methods Totally 238 stratified random samples of cereals, oils and foods were selected as the research objects. Aflatoxins AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG24 were determined by immunoaffinity chromatography (HPLC). Results The positive rates of total aflatoxins in rice, rice products, wheat flour, corn flour and edible oil were 35.3%, 33.8%, 13.9%, 46.7% and 24.5% respectively. The positive rate of AFs (26.5%) and the AFs (56.3%) in bulk rice were statistically different (χ2 = 11.6, P <0.05); the positive rate of AFs in rice in the north of the Yangtze River was 27.3% The positive rate of AFs in rice produced in south of the Yangtze River was 41.4% (χ2 = 7.257, P <0.05). Only the aflatoxins B1 and B2 are detected in rice products, wheat flour and corn flour. The positive rates of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 in edible oil were 24.5%, 24.5%, 11.3% and 3.8% respectively. AFB1 exceeded the standard rate of 5.66%, all the excessive samples for the workshop production of self-squeezed peanut oil in bulk. Conclusion There are four kinds of aflatoxins combined pollution in rice and edible oil in Shenzhen. The contamination is mainly aflatoxin B1 and B2. There are differences in the status of rice pollution between the two markets in Shenzhen and those in bulk packaging.