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在国内外文献中,关于质量控制在邮电部门中的应用很少见。本文专门论述了质量控制,尤其是控制图在邮电各个部门中应用的问题,希望对于我国邮电部门当前推广应用质量控制有所裨益。在邮电通信部门,由于邮电业务量波动的影响,所以在应用控制图时,需要对质量指标和业务量进行相关分析,若有显著相关,则必须采用作者所提出的选控控制图,否则可用休哈特(W.A.Shewhart)控制图。从运筹学排队论来看,邮电通信部门是个排队系统。因此,被控制质量指标与通信业务量是否相关这个问题,在现有的人员设备条件下,在一定的业务量范围内,主要决定于排队系统的特性。若排队系统为随机到达、成批服务,则一般不相关:若排队系统为随机到达、按序服务(包括具有优先权的情况在内)则一般相关。选控控制图已在控制长话逾限率和退号率等方面获得成功,根据北京、沈阳、湖北郧阳等地使用结果证实,选控控制图发现问题的准确度要比Shewhart控制图高十倍左右。在邮电维护方面,本文强调了引进质量控制方法的受控纠正性维护方式的重要性。本文最后指出,邮电工业的特点是“多种少量”,因而抓住加工或生产中的共同点,统一应用控制图是有效的措施。本文附有若干应用实例,大多是作者所解决的实际问题,可供参考。
In domestic and foreign literature, the application of quality control in post and telecommunications departments is rare. This article specifically discusses the quality control, especially the application of control charts in various departments of post and telecommunications, hoping to promote the quality control of the current post and telecommunications departments in our country. In the postal and telecommunications departments, due to the fluctuation of the postal and telecommunications services, when applying the control chart, it is necessary to conduct a correlation analysis on the quality indicators and the business volume. If there is a significant correlation, the selection and control chart proposed by the author must be used, otherwise, WASHINGTON (WAShewhart) control chart. Queuing theory from the operation research point of view, the post and telecommunications sector is a queuing system. Therefore, whether the controlled quality index is related to the communication traffic or not depends on the characteristics of the queuing system within a certain amount of traffic under the existing staffing conditions. If the queuing system is randomly arrived, the bulk service is generally irrelevant: if the queuing system arrives randomly, then order services (including those with priority) are generally relevant. The control charts have been successful in controlling the long-talk rate and withdrawal rate. According to the results of using in Beijing, Shenyang and Hubei Yunyang, the accuracy of the control chart is higher than that of the Shewhart control chart About ten times. In the area of postal maintenance, this article emphasizes the importance of introducing a controlled, corrective maintenance approach to quality control. Finally, this paper points out that the postal and telecommunications industry is characterized by “a small number of small quantities,” so that it is an effective measure to grasp the common ground in processing or production and apply unified control charts. This article is accompanied by a number of application examples, most of which are the actual problems that the author has solved for reference.