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中国古代诗歌中,“江湖”一词的语义有“江河湖泊→隐居场所→不在都城、在野”的嬗变过程。这个过程肇始于庄子的寓言,转变于陶渊明,集大成于杜甫,其后文人相沿成习。一方面,江湖仍然保留着本义用法;另一方面,与“江湖”共存着“江海”“湖海”“沧洲”等近义词语。诗人可以交替使用“江湖”的不同义项和同义词,使得诗歌语言既有一定的约定语义色彩,又可以表现作者的各自个性特点。
In ancient Chinese poetry, the semantic meaning of the word “arena” includes the evolution of “rivers and lakes → seclusion places → not in capitals and in the wild”. The process originated in the fable of Zhuangzi, changed to Tao Yuanming, set Dacheng in Du Fu, followed by literati along the way. On the one hand, rivers and lakes still retain the original meaning of usage; the other hand, with the “rivers and lakes” co-exist “Jianghai” “Lake” “Cangzhou” and other near synonyms. The poets can use the different meanings and synonyms of “rivers and lakes” interchangeably, making the poetic language not only have some agreed semantic colors but also show the individual characteristics of the authors.