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美国文学对华人移民的描写最早出现于19世纪六七十年代,尽管这一时期美国社会对华人移民存在很多负面看法,但在文学作品中的表述基本持宽容态度。1882年美国《排华法案》的颁布加上公共舆论对华人的污蔑使得华人在美国从此遭受了“合法的”歧视和污辱,直到1943年美国才宣布废除《排华法案》。从这个时代开始,才出现了真正意义上的美国华裔文学。本文以此后蜚声美国文坛的三位华裔女作家黄玉雪、汤亭亭和谭恩美的代表为范本,分析她们如何在作品中呈现中国传统文化、成功建构文化身份。
The description of Chinese immigrants in American literature first appeared in the sixties and seventies of the 18th century. Although American society has many negative opinions about Chinese immigrants during this period, its representation in literary works is basically tolerant. The promulgation of the U.S. Exclusion Act in 1882 and the public opinion slander of the Chinese caused the Chinese to suffer “legal” discrimination and indecency in the United States. It was not until 1943 that the United States announced the abolition of the “Exclusion Act.” From this era, only appeared in the true sense of Chinese American literature. This article uses the representatives of three Chinese-American writers Huang Yu Xue, Tang Tingting and Amy Tan, who later became famous in the American literary world, as examples to analyze how they presented Chinese traditional culture in their works and successfully constructed their cultural identities.