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水稻属禾本科单子叶草木植物。我国水稻生产属世界第一位。是稻谷的发源地之一,越南、印度、朝鲜、日本等国的水稻都是从中国引进的。水稻在我国的栽培史长达五千多年,从殷商时代起,稻谷已成为五谷之首。稻谷自古分为籼、梗、糯三大类。籼稻古称“稴”,粳稻古称“秔”,糯稻古称“秫”。目前稻谷良种有:香稻如陕西的香禾、安徽的夹沟香稻和福建的过山香等,其中有一砷香糯稻,从开花到入口一香到底,成为诸香稻中最特殊的一种。另外,南方的玻璃翠、北京的京畿稻、云南的紫米、江苏的胭脂赤、湖南的二粒寸及三粒寸、四川的寸谷、广西的复粒稻、辽宁的辽优一号、河南郑州的凤凰台大米等都闻名中外。
Rice is a monocotyledonous grass plants. China’s rice production is the world’s first. Is one of the birthplaces of rice, Vietnam, India, North Korea, Japan and other countries of rice are imported from China. Rice cultivation history in our country up to 5,000 years, from the Shang era, the rice has become the first grain. Rice has been divided into ancient indica, stems, waxy three categories. Indica ancient known as “稴”, ancient name of japonica “秔”, glutinous rice ancient name “秫.” At present, rice varieties are: fragrant rice such as Honghe in Shaanxi, Anhui Jiagou fragrant rice and Fujian Shannon, etc., of which there is a glutinous glutinous rice, from the flowering to the entrance of aroma in the end, become the most special kind of fragrant rice . In addition, glass mills in the south, rice in Gyeonggi in Beijing, purple rice in Yunnan, rouge red in Jiangsu, grain size two and three inches in Hunan, inch grain in Sichuan, compound grain rice in Guangxi, and Liaoyou one in Liaoning, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, Phoenix Taiwan rice are famous at home and abroad.