程式在戏曲中无所不在。举凡剧本的编写、人物的上场下场、穿衣戴帽皆有程式,而在这些程式中,最吃力和重要的,又恐怕是“唱念做打”的“动作程式”。它是演员、导演、编剧创作的重点,是发挥戏曲“歌舞演故事”的主攻方向,是传情达意、渲染气氛、塑造人物的重要手段。许多折子戏之所以能流 The program is ubiquitous in the drama. For example, writing a script, playing a character, wearing a cap and wearing a cap are all programs. In these programs, the most difficult and important is the “motion program” of “singing and playing.” It is the focus of the performers, directors and screenwriters. It is the main direction of play “song and dance stardom”, and is an important means of conveying emotion, rendering atmosphere and shaping characters. Many surgeries have been able to flow