现代的科学的地理学的产生,是和19世纪末叶最伟大的自然科学家B.B.道库恰耶夫的名字分不开的。杜库恰耶夫的“俄国的黑土”(1883)和А.И.沃耶科夫的“世界的气候”(1884)两书的出版,标志着俄罗斯地理科学发展史上新时代的开始。但是,这个时代是为俄罗斯地理学过去的全部历史,特别是18世纪中叶以来的历史所准备好了的。道库恰耶夫的思想基础,是俄罗斯自然科学的唯物主义传统,对自然现象综合的、历史的观点,以及和实践和人民需要的联系,这就是杜库恰耶夫及其著名的前辈——罗蒙诺索夫、克拉申宁尼科夫、谢苗诺夫-天山斯基等人 The birth of modern scientific geography was inseparable from the name of B.B. Dokuchayev, the greatest natural scientist in the late 19th century. The publication of Dukuchaev’s “Black Soil of Russia” (1883) and А.Vojekov’s “World Climate” (1884) mark the new era in the development of Russian geographical science s begin. However, this era was prepared for all the past history of Russian geography, especially since the middle of the 18th century. Dokuchayev’s ideological foundation is the materialist tradition of Russian natural sciences, an integrated, historical view of natural phenomena, and a connection with practice and people’s needs. This is Dokuchaev and his famous predecessors— - Lomonosov, Krasheninnikov, Semenov-Tianshansky and others