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目的:考察安息香不同提取方法的化学成分异同,探索安息香挥发性成分分析的最宜提取方法。方法:应用气相色谱-质谱联用技术,分析安息香溶剂提取部位(石油醚和乙醚提取)、水蒸气蒸馏提取挥发油、顶空固相微萃取挥发性成分的异同。结果:安息香溶剂提取鉴定出5个化合物(其中石油醚部位4个化合物、乙醚部位4个化合物),水蒸气蒸馏提取的挥发油鉴定出19个化合物,顶空固相微萃取鉴定出12个化合物。3种方法所得成分中皆含有苯甲酸、苯甲酸苄酯、香草醛、肉桂酸苄酯4种成分,3种方法中常规水蒸气蒸馏得到的成分相对较多种类较全面。结论:3种提取方法中,安息香经常规水蒸气蒸馏提取得到的成分最多且种类最全面,提示此3种提取方法中常规水蒸气蒸馏是安息香挥发性成分分析的最宜方法。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the similarities and differences between the chemical constituents of different benzoin extraction methods and to explore the optimum extraction method of the volatile components of benzoin. Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the solvent extraction of benzoin (petroleum ether and ether extraction), volatile oil extraction by steam distillation, and the similarities and differences of volatile components in headspace solid-phase microextraction. Results: Five compounds were identified by solvent extraction from benzoin (including four compounds at the petroleum ether site and four compounds at the ether site). Nineteen compounds were identified from the volatile oil extracted by steam distillation. Twelve compounds were identified by headspace solid-phase microextraction. The ingredients of the three methods contained four components, benzoic acid, benzyl benzoate, vanillin and benzyl cinnamate. Among the three methods, the constituents obtained by conventional steam distillation were relatively more comprehensive. CONCLUSION: Among the three extraction methods, benzoin was the most abundant and the most comprehensive one by conventional steam distillation, suggesting that the conventional steam distillation of the three extraction methods is the most suitable method for the analysis of volatile components in benzoin.