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目的评估孕期运动、静坐不同孕期生活方式对初产妇孕期血脂、血糖代谢及新生儿生理指标的影响。方法采用回顾性分析2013年1月-2014年12月该院定期产检及住院分娩初产妇191名,通过问卷调查初产妇孕前、孕期运动与孕期静坐方式及锻炼时间;分析孕期血脂、血糖代谢及新生儿生理指标变化。运动组117名初产妇,静坐组74名初产妇。结果较运动组初产妇比较,静坐组初产妇发生妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)、选择剖宫产的比例明显增加,孕期体重增加也显著上升,并伴随着新生儿体重的增加,而新生儿Apgar评分较运动组有所下降,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。孕中期静坐组初产妇较运动组有更明显的血脂、血糖代谢障碍,空腹血糖(FBG)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)血清水平均显著上升,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。孕晚期,体重指数(BMI)、FBG、TG在静坐组初产妇的血清水平也明显高于运动组初产妇,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对不同孕期运动的比较发现,孕前运动组初产妇较孕期运动组产妇具有更明显的孕期体重增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。妊娠中晚期孕前期运动组初产妇同全孕期运动组产妇比较,出现明显上升的BMI、FBG、TG、LDL-C水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论孕前期及孕期合理的运动锻炼能显著降低初产妇血脂、血糖,孕期静坐不利于孕产妇的血脂、血糖代谢及新生儿的生理健康。
Objective To evaluate the effect of pregnancy during pregnancy and different phases of pregnancy on the blood lipid, glucose metabolism and neonatal physiological indexes of pregnant women during pregnancy. Methods A total of 191 primipara from January 2013 to December 2014 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The mothers ’pre-pregnancy and pre-pregnancy mothers’ exercise and pregnancy meditation and exercise time were investigated by questionnaire. The levels of lipids, blood glucose, Neonatal physiological changes. 117 primiparae in exercise group and 74 primipara in sit-in group. Results Compared with exercise group, the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in primiparous group was significantly higher than that in exercise group. The proportion of women who chose cesarean section was significantly increased. The weight gain during pregnancy was also significantly increased with the increase of neonatal weight. Apgar score Compared with the exercise group, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). Compared with exercise group, the primiparous women in the second trimester of pregnancy had more significant blood lipids, blood glucose metabolism disorders, fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) serum levels were significantly increased, the difference was statistically Significance (P <0.05). The third trimester of pregnancy, body mass index (BMI), FBG, TG serum levels of primipara in the sedentary group was also significantly higher than exercise group primipara, the difference between the two groups were statistically significant (P <0.05). Comparison of exercise during different pregnancy found that preterm pregnant women than preterm pregnant women than pregnant women exercise group had a more significant weight gain during pregnancy, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The levels of BMI, FBG, TG and LDL-C in mothers with early pregnancy in pre-pregnancy group were significantly higher than those in exercise group during the whole pregnancy (P <0.05). Conclusion Reasonable pre-pregnancy and pregnancy exercise can significantly reduce primiparous blood lipids, blood sugar, pregnancy is not conducive to sit-in of pregnant women’s blood lipids, blood glucose metabolism and neonatal physical health.