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目的:为鼻眼相关外科手术提供解剖学参考资料。方法:在手术显微镜下观察20例(40侧)成人颅骨标本和15例30侧经10%福尔马林固定的成人尸头标本眶内侧壁的Dacryon点、筛孔、额筛缝及视神经管眶口。结果:Dacryon点至筛前、中、后孔中点、视神经管眶口的距离分别为(19.28±1.42)mm、(27.06±2.05)mm、(31.11±2.08)mm和(37.47±2.11)mm,Dacryon点至眶上缘、眶下缘的距离分别为(16.50±1.38)mm和(19.65±1.41)mm。颅骨标本的筛孔1、2、3孔和4孔出现率为0%、62.5%、32.5%和5%;尸头标本的筛动脉1、2、3、4支和5支出现率分别为10%、53.3%、33.3%、0%和3.3%。筛前、中、后孔位于额筛缝上方分别占37.5%、33.3%和35.7%,位于额筛缝分别占60%、66.7%和64.3%,所有筛孔中只有一孔(筛前孔)位于额筛缝下方。结论:Dacryon点、额筛缝是眶内侧壁的2个恒定的解剖标志,眶内侧壁手术时在额筛缝以下切除内侧壁是安全的。
Objective: To provide anatomical references for nasal-ocular surgical procedures. Methods: Dacryon points, meshes, frontal meshes and optic canal of 20 adult (40 sides) adult skull specimens and 15 cases of 30 adult cadaver heads fixed with 10% formalin fixed under the operation microscope were observed. Orbital mouth. Results: The distance from the Dacryon point to the midpoint of the anterior, middle, and posterior orifice of the sciatic nerve was (19.28 ± 1.42) mm, (27.06 ± 2.05) mm, (31.11 ± 2.08) mm and (37.47 ± 2.11) mm , Dacryon point to the supraorbital margin, and the distance between the inferior orbital margin and (16.50 ± 1.38) mm and (19.65 ± 1.41) mm, respectively. The incidences of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 4 holes in the skull specimens were 0%, 62.5%, 32.5% and 5% respectively. The appearance rates of the 1, 2, 3, 10%, 53.3%, 33.3%, 0% and 3.3%. 37.5%, 33.3% and 35.7% of the front, middle and back holes located in front of the screen are respectively located at the front and the rear of the screen, which occupy 60%, 66.7% and 64.3% of the total, respectively. Located at the bottom of the screen suture. CONCLUSIONS: Dacryon points and frontal screen seams are two constant anatomical landmarks of the medial orbital wall. It is safe to cut the medial wall below the frontal seams during orbital wall surgery.