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目的探讨洛阳地区人群无偿献血行为的相关影响因素,为促进本地区无偿献血工作持续发展提供理论依据。方法采用知信行(KAP)模式理论设计问卷调查表,选取2014年1月-2015年12月4个市区采血屋、6个县区采血屋为调查地点,随机向被调查者发放问卷调查表,发放问卷3 200份,回收有效问卷2 798份,对被调查者的一般情况、献血认知和态度、献血动机和行为进行统计分析。结果 2 798份被调查者中献血者1 472份、未献血者1 326份;两者比较,性别、年龄、文化程度、职业P值均<0.05;献血者中男性比例58.91%高于女性41.09%;25-34周岁年龄段参与献血最多为32.40%;职业划分,农民占比例最高为30.43%;被调查者相关知识的知晓率最高是71.77%,献血者和未献血者比较P<0.05差异有统计学意义;在了解献血知识的来源途径方面,以街头献血屋和献血车为最高占56.83%;献血者献血动机以奉献爱心比例最高占70.99%;献血者对专业技能的满意率最高为87.64%;愿意再次参加献血的比例为86.14%;首选到固定采血点献血的比例为66.24%;48.85%的献血者献血目的是奉献爱心不需要回报。结论针对不同人群制定多样化的宣传策略,多渠道全方位的加大宣传力度,提高广大人群对无偿献血知识的知晓率,创建更安全、卫生、温馨的献血场所,营造良好的献血氛围,吸引更多的人群加入到无偿献血队伍中来。
Objective To explore the influencing factors of unpaid blood donation in population in Luoyang area and to provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of unpaid blood donation in this area. Methods A KAP model was used to design a questionnaire. Four blood sampling houses in urban areas from January 2014 to December 2015 were selected and six blood sampling houses in the county were surveyed. Questionnaires were randomly assigned to respondents , Distributed 3 200 questionnaires and collected 2 798 valid questionnaires. The general situation of respondents, blood donation awareness and attitude, motivation and behavior of blood donation were statistically analyzed. Results Among the 2 798 respondents, 1 472 donors and 1 326 donors were not donated. P values were less than 0.05 for gender, age, educational level and occupation in the 2 988 respondents; 58.91% of male donors were higher than 41.09 %; 25-34 years of age participation in blood donation up to 32.40%; occupational division, the highest proportion of farmers accounted for 30.43%; respondents knowledge of the highest awareness rate was 71.77%, blood donors and non-blood donors P <0.05 difference There was statistical significance. In terms of understanding the source of blood donation, donors and donors were the highest on the streets with a share of 56.83%, donors with a blood donation of 70.99% and those with donors rated highest 87.64%; willing to participate again in the proportion of blood donation was 86.14%; preferred to fixed blood donation rate was 66.24%; 48.85% of donors blood donation purpose is to love without rewards. Conclusions Aiming at diversifying publicity strategies for different groups of people, we should step up publicity in all directions through various channels so as to raise the awareness rate of the general population on knowledge of blood donation and create a safer, healthier and warm blood donation site so as to create a good blood donation atmosphere and attract More people join the blood donation team.