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采用多点试验,对冬油菜在原种植区(天水)与北移种植区(张掖等)的主要气候因子、越冬率、生育时期及经济性状进行分析比较。研究结果表明,冬油菜北移后越冬率由原种植区的93.0%~100.0%降为40.0%~95.0%;生育期由280~284 d延至287~289 d,其冬前与冬后生长期缩短,而越冬期延长1倍左右,即140 d左右,整个生长期呈“短-长-短”的特点,即营养生长有效期缩短及营养生长至生殖生长的过渡期均缩短;株高与分枝部位降低,分枝数减少,单株角果数减少,但千粒重、角粒数等相对增加。冬油菜北移后产量发生了较大变化,抗寒性弱的早熟品种天油8号由原种植区的2 518.8 kg hm-2降为1 666.5 kg hm-2,减产34.0%,而抗寒性强的晚熟品种陇油6号等由原种植区的741 kg hm-2增加到3 333 kg hm-2,增幅349.5%。由于生长在相对恶劣的气候生态条件下,越冬期漫长而极端低温低,北移冬油菜栽培品种必须具备优异的抗寒性,同时采用合理播期和密度,保证冬前营养生长期和营养生长量,以确保安全越冬。
Multi-point experiments were conducted to compare and analyze the main climatic factors, overwintering rates, growth periods and economic traits of winter rape in the original planting area (Tianshui) and the northward transplanting area (Zhangye, etc.). The results showed that the overwintering rate of winter rape was decreased from 93.0% -100.0% to 40.0% -95.0% of the original planting area after the northward transplanting. The growth period of winter rapeseed was reduced from 280-284 d to 287-289 d , While the overwintering period was extended by about one time, about 140 days, and the whole growth period was characterized by “short-long-short”, that is, the shortened effective period of vegetative growth and the transitional period from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Branches reduced, the number of branches reduced, the number of pods per plant decreased, but the 1000-grain weight, number of grains and other relative increase. The yield of winter rapeseed changed greatly after the northward transpiration. The early cold-tolerant Tianyou 8 was reduced from 2 518.8 kg hm-2 to 1 666.5 kg hm-2 in the original planting area with a yield reduction of 34.0% The late late maturing variety Longyou No.6 increased from 741 kg hm-2 of the original planting area to 3333 kg hm-2, an increase of 349.5%. Due to the growth in relatively harsh climatic and ecological conditions, overwintering long and extremely low temperature and low temperature, the north-shifted winter rapeseed cultivars must have excellent cold resistance, while using reasonable sowing date and density, to ensure that winter vegetative growth and vegetative growth Amount to ensure safe wintering.