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几种不同的文学观 象其它艺术现象一样,文学现象也是林林总总。从宇宙人生到文学作品,从诗人作家到读者大众,从物质到意识,从客体到主体,从感性体验到理性抽象,从直觉观照到审美判断,宏观天地玄奥,微观心言妙谛,几乎无所不在,无处不有。但是,如果问道:文学的本质是什么?至今谁也说不圆满。由于人们观察文学现象的角度不同,着眼的要素和文学活动的阶段不同,侧重的层面和研究的方法不同,对文学本质问题的回答也各不相同。于是,便形成各种不同的文学观念。文学的种种观念形态又逐渐形成各种不同的理论体系。美国当代文学理论家 M·H·阿布拉姆斯在其《镜与灯》一书中把这些文学理论归结为四种基本形态,即模仿理论、表现理论、实用理论和客体理论。借以概括历史上各种重要的、有影响的文学理论体系。
The same is true for several different literary phenomena, as are other artistic phenomena. From cosmic life to literary works, from poetic writers to the general public, from matter to consciousness, from object to subject, from perceptual experience to rational abstraction, from intuition to aesthetic judgment, the macro world is mysterious and microcosmically subtle and almost omnipresent , Everywhere. However, if you ask: What is the essence of literature? Due to the different perspectives of observing literary phenomena, the focus elements and the stage of literary activities are different, the level of emphasis and the method of study are different, and the answers to the questions of literary nature are also different. Thus, they formed a variety of different literary ideas. Various forms of literature and ideas have gradually formed a variety of theoretical systems. American contemporary literary theorist MM Hablams in their “Mirror and Lamp” in a book these literary theories boils down to four basic forms, namely imitation theory, performance theory, practical theory and object theory. In order to summarize the history of a variety of important and influential literary theory system.