论文部分内容阅读
禹县是一个地形复杂的浅山区,境内共有大小山头913座,大小河道131条,耕地只占总面积的59%。特点是:山多、沟多、平原少,河多槽深利用难,地高水低,风雨失调,气候无常。平均年降雨量为500—700毫米,而且多集中在汛期七、八、九月间,因而常常发生“先旱后涝,先涝后旱,旱捞交错”的情况。为了从根本上改变禹县山区的穷白面貌,建设社会主义新山区,禹县去冬组成了十五万人的治山治水劳动大军,经过百天的英勇苦战,胜利地完成了五年治山计划,同时并实现了坡地梯田化,梯田水利化,沟河川台水库谷坊化,荒山鱼坑和绿化,工程系统完整化。使迭县水浇地面积由原来的60万亩扩大到120万亩。从山坡到田间,从深沟到河川共修建了鱼鳞坑、水平线等38种工程,共做土、石方22,107万方,拦蓄水量37,166万方。这些工程,可以控制一次降雨量200毫米水不下坡,350毫米雨不出县,550毫米雨不成灾。经过今年汛期的实际考验,对蓄水、拦水、削洪、减免水旱灾害,及保障农业大丰收,已收到了巨大作用。913个山头的治理,均是由分水岭开始,自上而下本着中央提出的“全面规划,集中治理,连续治理,综合治理,沟坡兼治,治坡为主”和“以蓄为主,小型为主,社办为主”的三主方针,以工程措施与生物措施密切相结合的原则,根据地形、水量、土壤、气候、坡度等……自然条件,安排了农、林、水、牧各项措施,并使各种工程有机的结合起来,构成一个完整的蓄洪灌溉体系。具体措施如下:
Yu County is a complex shallow terrain area, the territory of a total of 913 large and small hills, 131 large and small rivers, arable land only 59% of the total area. Characteristics are: mountainous, ditch and more, less plains, the river more difficult to use deep groove, high water low, wind and rain disorders, climate uncertain. The average annual rainfall of 500-700 mm, and more concentrated in the flood season in July, August and September, which often occur “first drought after the flood, drought and drought after drought staggered ” situation. In order to fundamentally change the poverty-stricken face of Yu County mountainous areas and build a socialist new mountainous area, Yu County made up a winter mountainous water-governing labor force with a population of 150,000 in winter. After a hundred days of valiant and arduous struggle, Yuzhi County successfully completed the five-year mountain planning At the same time, it also realized the slope terraformization, water conservancy in terraced fields, valleys in the valley of Hechuantai Reservoir, fish ponds and afforestation in barren hills, and the engineering system integrity. The area of irrigated land in Shendian County has been expanded from 600,000 mu to 120,000 mu. From the hillside to the field, a total of 38 projects such as fish-scale pits and horizontal lines were constructed from the deep trench to the river. A total of 22,107 square meters of earth and stone were installed, with a water storage capacity of 371.66 million cubic meters. These works can control a rainfall of 200 mm of water without downhill, 350 mm of rain without the county, 550 mm of rain without disaster. After the actual test of the flood season this year, it has played a huge role in water storage, water-logging, flood-cutting, flood and drought relief, and agricultural bumper harvests. The management of 913 hills begins with the watershed. From the top to the bottom, the Central Government puts forward the principle of “comprehensive planning, centralized management, continuous management, comprehensive management, governing both roads and slopes and governing slopes” and “saving” Based on the principle of combining engineering measures and biological measures, and according to the natural conditions such as topography, water quantity, soil, climate, slope, etc. Forestry, water and animal husbandry, and make all kinds of projects combine organically to form a complete flood-irrigation system. Specific measures are as follows: