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维持人体内水一电解质平衡是一有规律且十分精细的过程,这一过程可通过改变体液的渗透压得以调节。临床上若使用非等渗静注液,则能引起体液渗透压的变化,且变化的程度取决于溶液的渗透压、浓度、给药部位及输注速率等。静注与血清张力悬殊的溶液能引起注射部位疼痛和诱发静脉炎症;红血球在高渗溶液中萎缩,在低渗溶液中则膨胀以至溶血。此外,非等渗溶液向组织部位的渗透扩散能导致组织受伤和坏死。
Maintaining water-electrolyte balance in the body is a regular and elaborate process that can be regulated by changing the osmotic pressure of body fluids. Clinically, the use of non-isotonic hydrostatic solution, can cause changes in body fluid osmotic pressure, and the degree of change depends on the solution of the osmotic pressure, concentration, administration site and infusion rate. Intravenous and serum tension solutions can cause pain in the injection site and induce phlebitis; erythrocytes atrophy in hypertonic solutions, and in hypotonic solutions expand to hemolytic. In addition, osmotic diffusion of a non-isotonic solution to the tissue site can lead to tissue injury and necrosis.